- Ntɔkwa-Drone Ho Nwoma A Ɛdɔɔso: Ukraine ne Russia nyinaa de ntɔkwa-drone ho nwoma a ɛdɔɔso abɛto hɔ – fi tete anti-aircraft gun ne missile so kɔsi elektroniki jammer, drone “hunters,” ne mpo nsɛmmisa laser akode a wɔrekyerɛw ho nsɛm english.nv.ua mexc.com. Saa nwoma yi mu no, ɛwɔ mu sɛ ɛyɛ akode a wɔde di ɔko, adwuma foforo a wɔde yɛ adwuma, adwuma a wɔde yɛ adwuma wɔ asase so, ne elektroniki ko ho nwoma a ɛyɛ den, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ drone ko no mu no, ɛyɛ kɛse sen da biara.
- Kinetic Nwoma No Ho Hia Pa Ara: Ukraine a atifi fam amanaman no de Gepard anti-aircraft gun a ɛtumi tu ho no, adwenefo aka sɛ ɛyɛ akode titiriw a ɛyɛ den paa wɔ Iranfo Shahed kamikaze drone ho english.nv.ua. Gepard bɛboro 100 na ɛwɔ adwuma mu, na wɔde 35mm cannon mmienu ne radar di dwuma de bubu drone a ɛtɔ fam. Saa ara nso na, akodifo a wɔde machine gun a ɛyɛ den ne MANPADS (te sɛ Stinger ne Piorun missile) yɛ bɛyɛ 40% drone a Ukraine atutu no nyinaa english.nv.ua. Russia de, ɔde ne ho to ne ho so air defense a ɛyɛ den – sɛnea ɛte no, Pantsir-S1 gun-missile system a atutu Ukraine UAV a ɛrebɛba Moscow ho en.wikipedia.org – ne tete Soviet akode ne akode a ɛbɛn hɔ de tutu drone.
- Elektronika Ko Nkyerɛkyerɛ Wɔ Mpanimfo Nkyɛn: Jamming ne hacking na ɛda anim wɔ counter-drone nhyehyɛe mu. Ukraine de elektronika ko (EW) ahorow bebree aba a ɛtumi de drone nsɛm bɔne no hyɛ wɔn nsa anaa ɛtumi jam wɔn, na ɛma atamfo UAV no tumi yera GPS anaa wɔn so, na wɔbubu. Ukrainian EW network foforo bi a wɔfrɛ no “Atlas” de sensors ne jammers apem bɔ mu sɛ “anti-drone wall” a ɛtrɛw 1,300 km front no so, ma operators nya drone atamfo ho nsɛm wɔ bere a ɛkɔ so no mu, na wɔtumi jam wɔn kɔ 8 km akyirikyiri so nextgendefense.com nextgendefense.com. Russia nso de mobile EW units aba – fi backpack jammers a asraafo de di dwuma kɔsi akɔtɔ so systems te sɛ AI-powered “Abzats”, a ɛtumi jam all drone radio frequencies ho ara pɛ newsweek.com. Russia foforo bi nso, portable “Gyurza” jammer no, de AI di dwuma de pɛpɛɛpɛ disrupt Ukraine drone signals na ɛmmfa ho mmfa Russia UAVs ho newsweek.com. Mpanimfo no nyinaa da so reboaboa wɔn ho ano tia wɔn ho elektronika nhyehyɛe, na ɛde kɔ high-tech cat-and-mouse agorɔ wɔ radio spectrum no mu.
- Drones vs. Drones – Interceptor Revolution: Wɔde mpɔtam dɔɔn atɔkyɛ reba so no, Ukraine ne Russia rekyerɛ sɛ wɔde drones a wɔde toto drones ho reko. Ukraine atwitwa ntɛm so ayɛ interceptor drones te sɛ deɛ ɛyɛ dɛdɛdɛ “Sting” ne “Tytan”, a wɔde ntɛm (300+ km/h) ne onboard AI di dwuma sɛ wɔbɛkɔ bɔ anaa bɛbɔ bɔmbɔ atamfo drones ho mexc.com. Ebinom interceptor a Ukraine yɛ no bo yɛ kakra pɛ, nanso wɔabubu Russia Shahed ne Lancet loitering munitions bebree dedaw mexc.com. President Zelenskyy aka sɛ wɔde SkyNode AI drone modules mpempem rema sɛ wɔbɛbɔ interceptor foforo pii mexc.com mexc.com. Russia nso retwɛn ntɛm sɛ ɔbɛde ne deɛ aba so: baako a ɛda ho adi ne “Yolka” drone, a wɔde nsa bɔ, na ɛyɛ kinetic interceptor a Russian security forces de rekyerɛ, na ɛtumi fire-and-forget engagement a ɛkɔ 1 km akɔ akyirikyiri mexc.com. Wɔ 2025 expo mu no, Russia adwumayɛfo de interceptor models bebree (Skvorets PVO, Kinzhal, BOLT, Ovod, ne afoforo) bɛda ho adi, na wɔn nyinaa yɛ deɛ ɛtumi tu 250–300 km/h na wɔde AI bɔ low-altitude targets ho mexc.com mexc.com. Saa “drone-on-drone” ko foforo yi de nsakrae foforo aba aman no baanu air defense mu.
- Nkɔsoɔ ne Nwoma a Wɔyɛ no Mmerɛ: Ɛnyɛ anti-drone nhyehyɛe biara na ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ den anaa 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- Ɔman a wɔwɔ abɔnten ne Atitiriw Nnoboa: Ukraine akode no abɛyɛ den sen kan esiane abɔntenfo a wɔwɔ atifi fam a wɔde counter-drone nnoboa a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde bɔ ho ban a wɔde 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- Laser Weapons Debut on the Battlefield: Wɔ akyirikyiri a ɛho hia, Ukraine ka sɛ wɔn na wɔyɛ ɔman a edi kan a wɔde laser-based anti-drone weapon de kɔ ɔko mu. Wɔde din frɛ no “Tryzub” (Trident), na saa akodeɛ a wɔde sie no ho asɛm no, ɔsahene bi wɔ Ukraine na ɔkae ho asɛm kan wɔ 2024 awieeɛ, na wɔka sɛ wɔde akɔtɔ so de bɔ Shahed drones a wɔnam fam so defensenews.com defensenews.com. Wɔamfa mfonini biara amfi, nanso mpanyimfo kae sɛ ɛtumi bubu UAVs a ɛwɔ 2–3 km akyirikyiri. Sɛ ɛyɛ nokware a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ Ukraine abɛka aman kakra a wɔwɔ directed-energy weapons no ho. Russia nso atumi ayɛ laser ho adwuma: wɔn “Peresvet” laser a wɔakasa ho dada no, wɔde akɔ army mu, nanso ne botae titiriw ne sɛ ɛbɛma satellite sensors antumi nhu ade, ɛnyɛ sɛ ɛbɛbubu drones defensenews.com. Wɔ 2022, Russia mpanyimfo kae sɛ laser foforo a wɔde asi trɔk so a wɔfrɛ no “Zadira” no, wɔreboaboa ho nsɛm wɔ Ukraine sɛ ɛbɛtumi abubu drones a ɛwɔ 5 km akyirikyiri defensenews.com. Nanso, U.S. ne Ukraine nsɛm no kyerɛ sɛ wɔanhunu Zadira da wɔ ɔko no mu saa bere no defensenews.com. Sɛ yɛba 2025 mu a, Russia abɛda laser air-defense systems a wɔde si trɔk so adi dwuma wɔ public, na wɔka sɛ “detected and disabled” test drones (ka ho swarm nso) wɔ nsɔhwɛ mu economictimes.indiatimes.com. Ɛwom sɛ laser a wɔde abubu biribi wɔ ɔko mu yɛ kakra, nanso mpɔtam hɔ no, mpɔtam no nyinaa hu sɛ directed-energy yɛ ɔkwan foforo a ɛbɛboa ma wɔatumi atia drone bɔ a ɛdɔɔso a ɛnyɛ sika pii so.
- Nnwoma ne Nwomaso Ho Nsɛm: Ɛho yɛ den sɛ wobɛtumi atia drone no ho – sɛ wokɔfa $500,000 boɔ a wɔde bɔ missile de bɔ $20,000 boɔ drone a, ɛnyɛ biribi a ɛbɛkɔ so daa. Ukraine ne Russia nyinaa retwɛn akwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ɛso sika nni ho. Drones a wɔde bɛto so ne baako a: wobetumi ayɛ wɔn de ahyɛ wɔn boɔ kakra anaa ketewa, de yɛ adwuma wɔ drone adwumayɛ mu, na wɔde bɛto so pii mexc.com mexc.com. Sika a ɛda ho no ho nsɛntitiriw no yɛ fɛre sɛ Russia de ahankyerɛw ahan a wɔde bɛto so Shahed drones baako pɛ mu english.nv.ua english.nv.ua. Ukraine de, wɔn nhyehyɛe ne sɛ wɔbɛkyekyɛ missile a ɛso sika yɛ den no de bɛto cruise missile anaa apɔw so, na mmom wɔde gun, electronic warfare, ne drone a wɔde bɛto so atia drone a ɛreba no mexc.com english.nv.ua. Russia nso pɛ sɛ wɔde jamming anaa wɔde sika ketewa so bɔ AA bɔ Ukraine drone. Sikasɛm no akɔ so akɔdu baako pɛ so: Ukraine $1–2 boɔ Horoshok anti-drone ammo yɛ kwan a ɛso sika nni ho ma ɔsraani biara betumi ayɛ drone-shooter san.com san.com. Nokware mu no, sika a ɛso nni ho, kwan a ɛda hɔ, ne sɛnea ɛyɛ mmerɛw no ayɛ sɛnea wɔbɛtumi ahwɛ counter-drone system ho wɔ asraafo no so.
- 2024–2025 Nsɛm Foforo – Ntetee Ntɛm: Ko a ɛrekɔ so ntɛm no, ɛwɔ ntɛm so wɔ Ukraine ntam drones ne wɔn a wɔde yɛ counter-drone adwuma ntam. Wɔ 2024 mu no, Russia fii ase de unjammable UAVs a wɔde fiber-optic tethers anaa autonomous guidance di dwuma, a ɛma Ukraine jammer bebree no yɛ adwuma a ɛnsɔre bio mexc.com. Mfe 2025 mfinimfini no, saa drones a wɔde tethers ne signal-hopping technology no maa Russia drones bi tumi antie EW interference a wɔde tete no. Ukraine nso boaboa ne ho ano ntɛm so: President Zelenskyy wɔ 2025 mfinimfini hyɛɛ fie adwumayɛfo ma wɔmfa 1,000 interceptor drones da biara mmra, de bɛtua ɔhaw no ano a ɛreboro so strategicstudyindia.com. Military tech incubators foforo (te sɛ Brave1 initiative) de bere tiaa mu abɛbɔ nneɛma foforo te sɛ Horoshok round ne AI-driven drones ahorow san.com san.com. Mpanimfo no nso, wɔn nyinaa rehyɛ wɔn counter-drone ho nsɛm mu den – Ukraine de Atlas network yɛ “system-of-systems” integration ho nhwɛso bi nextgendefense.com nextgendefense.com, na Russia nso de ne jammers bɔ Pantsir batteries anaa sniper teams ho ban de kata beae a ɛda hɔ en.wikipedia.org. Adwenefo ka sɛ biribiara a wɔbɔ no, ne bere sua: “Technology a wobɔ no, ɛda hɔ mmerɛ nsia, anaa abosome abiɛsa. Ekyiri no, ɛyɛ dada,” ɔmanfo bi a ɔwɔ Ukraine drone warfare mu kae, kyerɛkyerɛ ntetee ntɛm no reuters.com. Wɔ 2025 awieeɛ no, saa ntetee ne ntetee so ntotoho no to so, ma ɔsoro a ɛwɔ Ukraine so ayɛ sɛ atesɛm kɛse a wɔde rekyerɛ anti-drone warfare a ɛbɛtumi asesa akodɔm nhyehyɛe wɔ wiase nyinaa.
Ntrodukhyɛn: Drones Wɔ Frontlines Ne Hia A Ɛwɔ So Sɛ Wɔbɔ Wɔn Ho Ban
Nnipa a wɔnnim adwuma a wɔde yɛ adwuma wɔ soro (drones) agye din wɔ Ukraine ko no mu, wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu, wɔde siesie agyanade ho, na wɔde bɔ atamfo so de wɔn ho to wɔn so te sɛ kamikaze. Wɔn dɔɔso nti, adwenefo bebree afrɛ ko yi sɛ ɛyɛ “drone ko” a edi kan a ɛkɛse paa atlanticcouncil.org. Quadcopters ne loitering munitions a wɔde bɔ ko no, da ne anadwo, ama Ukraine ne Russia abɔ mmɔden abɛbɔ counter-drone systems a ɛso da hɔ da hɔ. Eyi kɔ fi Soviet tete bere so air defense guns a wɔasakra wɔn adwuma kɔsi nnɛ deɛ, a ɛyɛ electronic jammers a ɛyɛ den ne laser akode a wɔrekyerɛ ase. Biribiara a wɔn mu biara pɛ ne sɛ: hunu drones a ɛreba na bubu anaa ma wɔn ho yɛ mmerɛw ansa na wɔbɛyɛ bɔne. Nanso, sɛ wopɛ sɛ woyɛ eyi a, ɛyɛ den, na ama abɔdeɛ a ɛyɛ den wɔ ho atwa ho ahyia, na drones a wɔyɛ den ne akode a wɔde bubu wɔn no, wɔn ntwatoso ayɛ kɛse.
Krataa yi bɛhwɛ anti-drone arsenal a Ukraine ne Russia de di dwuma, na ɛbɛto so sɛnea wɔn mu biara reko tia drone ho ɔhaw no. Yɛbɛka akode a wɔde di ko (te sɛ air defense missiles ne guns), electronic warfare ho akwan, interceptor drones a wɔde kum drones foforo, adwuma a wɔde yɛ adwuma wɔ front lines so a wɔde wɔn ho bɔ, ne boa a Ukraine nya fi aman foforo nkyɛn. Yɛbɛhwɛ nso sɛ saa akwan yi yɛ dɛɛn na ɛyɛ, ne sɛ 2024–2025 bere no mu, counter-UAV tactics mu nsakrae ayɛ ntɛm paa. Sɛ drone ko no kɔ so rekyerɛ nsakrae a, saa ara na akode a wɔde bɔ ho ban no nso kɔ so rekyerɛ nsakrae – na ɛma “cat-and-mouse” a ɛyɛ ntɛm no, ɛresesa battlefield air defense no ho.
Kinetic Defenses: Guns, Missiles, and New Ammunition
Ɔkwan a ɛyɛ pɛ paa a wubetumi de agya drone bɔne ho ban ne sɛ wobubu no. Ukraine ne Russia nyinaa de kinetic air defense systems ahorow di dwuma – biribiara a ɛto projectile anaa missile de bubu drone no. Eyi kɔ fi anti-aircraft guns a ɛwɔ tank so kɔsi missiles a wotumi to fi wo nsam ne nkuto ketewa a wɔde ammo titiriw di dwuma.
Ukraine Akɛse Akodeɛ: Biribi a agye din wɔ Ukraine mu ne Germanfoɔ ayɛ Gepard a ɛyɛ self-propelled anti-aircraft gun. Wɔ nhwehwɛmu bi a wɔyɛɛ ne ho wɔ akodifoɔ mu no, Gepard a ɛda so wɔ nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn so no, na akodifoɔ nyinaa pene so sɛ ɛyɛ Ukraine deɛ ɛtɔ so one a ɛyɛ drone-killer paa wɔ wɔn akodeɛ mu english.nv.ua english.nv.ua. Wɔyɛɛ Gepard no fi 1970s mu de bɔɔ ho ban tia jets ne helicopters, nanso Gepard no mmienu 35mm autocannons (a radar a ɛhwehwɛ ne tracking radar boa ho) yɛɛ adwuma pa ara ma ɛhunu na ɛtutu Shahed-136 kamikaze drones a Russia fii sɛ ɔde bɛyɛ dɔm wɔ 2022 awieeɛ no english.nv.ua. Sɛ ɛto a ɛto air-bursting ammunition a ɛbɔ shrapnel no, ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ drone no bɛgyae ho. Sɛ Colonel Viktor Kevlyuk a wadi akyirikyiri ka no, “Gepard yɛ den paa tia Shahed drones esiane ne rate of fire ne ne tumi wɔ short-range radar ho nti.” english.nv.ua Ne nkɔsoɔ no ama Germany ne Ukraine rehwɛ kwan sɛ wɔbɛyɛ fleet no foforɔ a ɛwɔ sensors ne fire control computers a ɛbɛtumi atia atare a ɛkɔ ntɛm sen dada no english.nv.ua. Ka ho Gepard no ho, Ukraine akodifoɔ de Soviet bere so anti-aircraft guns te sɛ ZU-23-2 (23mm mmienu a wɔde bɔ) – a ɛkɔ so wɔ pickup trucks so – a ɛyɛ dada, nanso wɔde di dwuma sɛ ɛtumi to drones ntɛm wɔ abɛn so english.nv.ua.
Mobile Fire Teams ne MANPADS: Efisɛ drones betumi apue mpofirim ne bebree, Ukraine nso asisi air defense fire teams a wɔtumi tu kɔ baabiara ntɛm. Eyi yɛ akuw ketewa a wɔde Jeeps, pickups, anaa ATVs tu kɔ baabiara, na wɔde heavy machine guns ne MANPADS (man-portable air defense systems) hyɛ wɔn ho english.nv.ua. Team bi a ɛyɛ bɔkɔɔ betumi anya US-made M2 Browning .50-cal (12.7mm) machine gun ne launcher a ɛde Polish Piorun anaa American Stinger infrared homing missiles english.nv.ua. Machine guns no betumi atow bɔ slow unmanned aircraft, na heat-seeking missiles no yɛ papa sɛ drones no foro kɔ soro ma lock betumi aba. Ɛfii mfiase no, ebinom huu saa akode yi sɛ atete – sɛ nhwɛso no, WWII bere so Browning M2 no, ebinom buu no sɛ ade a atwa ne bere so – nanso, wɔakyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ mfaso sɛ wɔde bɔ Shaheds ase mpɛn pii english.nv.ua. Ukraine Army Commander Oleksandr Syrskyi ka sɛ, saa mobile fire teams no, wɔ 2023 na na wɔhwɛ so ma 40% drones a atamfo de ba no a wɔbɔ wɔn ase nyinaa english.nv.ua. Wɔn ntɛm ne akode a ɛda ho bebree ma wɔtumi di drones a wotwa higher-level defenses no ho dwuma. Russia nso de saa nhyehyɛe no di dwuma: Russiafo bebree de atade a atete te sɛ ZU-23 guns anaa 30mm autocannons a ɛyɛ foforo si trucks so de bɔ wɔn bases ho ban fi UAVs ho, na Russia so so, asraafo de MANPADS te sɛ Igla anaa Verba de bɔ Ukraine reconnaissance drones anaa loitering munitions ase bere a wobetumi ahu wɔn.
Ntɛmntɛm Ahorow Akwan So Air Defense Missiles: Wɔ akyirikyiri a ɛwɔ soro no, aman mmienu no de ntɛmntɛm SAM ahorow a wɔde bɔ air defense ho ban bɔ mu, na seesei na wɔde reko tia drone no. Ukraine anya ntotoho kakra a ɛwɔ mu a ɛfiri atɔe fam, te sɛ Germany de IRIS-T SLM (SAM a ɛwɔ ntɛm a ɛtumi kɔ akyirikyiri a ɛde infrared-di missile ho). IRIS-T no adwuma yɛ den paa wɔ drone so – ne ntotoho a ɛyɛ pɛ no tumi bɔ UAV ketewa mpo – nanso, ɛwɔ hɔ kakra pɛ (bɛyɛ nsia pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ afe 2025 mfiase) efisɛ ɛnni hɔ pii english.nv.ua english.nv.ua. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobɛkora saa missiles a ɛyɛ sika so yi (efisɛ ɛyɛ duru na ɛho hia sɛ wɔde bɔ atamfo a ɛyɛ den so), Ukraine de IRIS-T ne NASAMS no si kurow titiriw anaa ahyehyɛde a ɛho hia ho, na wɔde bɔ drone a defenses a ɛtumi bɔ pii no nnyae no. Russia nso de Pantsir-S1 gun-ne-missile ahorow ne Tor-M2 SAM ahorow yɛ ne ntɛmntɛm anti-drone banbɔ a ɛyɛ adwuma paa. Pantsir no de 30mm autocannon ne radar-di missile bɔ abɔnten so trɔk so – Russia asraafo de Pantsir ahorow ahyia beae a ɛho hia (fi ammo depots kɔsi Moscow ankasa) de bɔ drone a ɛreba so en.wikipedia.org. Ɛho hia sɛ, bere a Ukraine de drone kɔtoo Moscow so wɔ May 2023, Russia mpanyimfo kae sɛ “drones mmiɛnsa no wɔde electronic warfare gyinaa wɔn so… [na] drones anum foforo no Pantsir-S na ɛbɔɔ wɔn” kurow no atifi fam en.wikipedia.org. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ Russia de jamming ne missile bɔ mu bom. Tor system no, ɛyɛ akɔtɔkɔtɔ a ɛso wɔ vertical-launched ntɛmntɛm missiles, na wɔde nso atia Ukraine UAVs (Tor radar ne ntɛm missiles no yɛ adwuma tia target ketewa a ɛkɔ ntɛm te sɛ cruise missile anaa drone). Ɛyɛ adwuma, nanso, SAM ahorow yi nso hyia asɛm koro no ara a Ukraine de hyia: sɛ wode missile a ɛyɛ sika so bɔ drone a ɛyɛ plastik no, ɛbɛyɛ sɛ wopira sika sɛ woyɛ no dodo.
Nkuku Ketewa ne “Drone Rounds”: Sɛ biribiara bɔ no, asraafo a wɔwɔ fam no betumi asɔre ato drone no so de nkuto anaa machine gun. Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wotwa quadcopter ketewa bi gu fam de nkuto a ɛda so no, ɛyɛ den paa, nanso Ukraine abɛyɛ adwene foforo: 5.56×45mm anti-drone round titiriw bi a ɛma nkuto no bɛyɛ shotgun tenten. Wɔfrɛ no “Horoshok” (kyerɛ “pea”), na wotow no te sɛ nkuto foforo, nanso wɔayɛ no sɛ ɛbɛbubu wɔ wim mu abɛyɛ nkuto tenten anum san.com. Sɛ nkuto no bɔ mu a, ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobɛtwa drone a ɛbɛn ho gu – nsesae kyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ adwuma kɔsi mita 50 pɛ san.com. Adwene no ne sɛ asraafo a wɔwɔ anim no betumi asesa nkuto a wɔde bɔ no akɔfa Horoshok nkuto no, sɛ drone bi reba wɔn so, na mmom wɔmfa shotgun foforo nni ho san.com san.com. Video a edi kan kyerɛɛ sɛ Ukraine asraafo betumi atwa drone ketewa gu de saa nkuto yi san.com san.com. Ukraine reboaboa nkuto yi ano, pɛ sɛ asraafo biara nya Horoshok nkuto baako pɛ san.com san.com. Russia amma Horoshok te sɛ eyi ho nsɛm amfi mu, nanso Russia asraafo nso taa de machine gun bɔ Ukraine drone so. Video bi mu no, convoy bi de chaingun anaa minigun asi wɔn akɔtɔ so de bɔ ho ban, nanso ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na ɛyɛ adwuma. Nkuto ketewa nkutoo de, ɛyɛ adwuma kakra – ɛyɛ nea ɛto so a ɛto so – nanso Horoshok kyerɛ sɛ nkuto a yɛde bɔ no nso, wɔrekyekyɛ wɔn adwene ho de ko drone ho ko.
Nkyerɛaseɛ, Ukraine de nkuto a wɔde bɔ no fi SAM a ɛyɛ den kɔsi Dushka ketewa a ɛyɛ den, na wɔde wɔn nyinaa bɔ abom de bɔ drone gu wim. Saa ara na Russia nso yɛ, na wɔasesa wɔn air defense a ɛwɔ mpɔtam no de di dwuma tia drone a ɛtɔ fam, a ɛkɔ ntɛm. Drone biara a wɔtwa gu de cannon anaa missile yɛ ade a ɛda hɔ na ɛma obi ani gye – nanso drone no dodow nti, nkuto nkutoo ntumi mmoa biara. Eyi ama wɔn adwene akɔ ade a ɛnyɛ nkuto so, titiriw electronic warfare, a yɛbɛka ho asɛm akyire yi.
Elektroniki Akodeɛ: Jammers ne “Drone Walls” wɔ Adwuma Mu
Sɛ drone ko yɛ ɔtoatoa ne ho bɔɔle wɔ wim mu a, ɛnde elektroniki akodeɛ (EW) yɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so tua kanea no gu so ma ɔhwehwɛfo no. Sɛ wɔbɔ radio nkɔmmɔ ne GPS nsɛm no mu hyehyeɛ, EW sisitem betumi ma drones anhu ade anaa ntie asɛm, ma wɔbɛtumi atɔ wɔn ho fi, atwa kwan, anaa mpo atɔ fam. Wɔ Ukraine ko no mu, mpɔtam hɔ no, mpɔtam no nyinaa de elektroniki akodeɛ di dwuma sɛ wɔn akyirikyiri kɛse a wɔde bɔ wɔn ho ban fi UAVs ho. Saa kwan yi de, ɛboa sɛ wɔbɛtumi asan de bio (ammunition nhia) na ɛbɛtumi aka drones bebree ntɛm – nanso ɛyɛ teknologii ko a ɛda so rekɔ so, efisɛ drone adwumayɛfo no nso rehwehwɛ kwan foforo so.
Ukraine “Drone Wall” Ntɔn: Ukraine abɔ elektroniki akodeɛ ntɔn kɛse de bɔ wɔn wim ho ban. Baako a wɔde di ho ahurusi ne Kvertus “Atlas” sisitem, a wɔda no adi wɔ 2025, a ɛbɔ sensors ne jamming units apem apem a wɔahyehyɛ wɔ baabiara ano boaboa wɔn ano bɔ mu sɛ ntɔn koro nextgendefense.com nextgendefense.com. Nokwarem no, Atlas yɛ “anti-drone wall” a ɛtrɛw Ukraine mpɔtam nyinaa so nextgendefense.com. Ɛde data fi MS–Azimuth hunu sisitem (a ɛtumi hu drones anaa wɔn control nsɛm fi 30 km akyirikyiri) ne LTEJ–Mirage jammer (a ɛtumi hyehye drone nkɔmmɔ wɔ 8 km akyirikyiri) bɔ mu nextgendefense.com nextgendefense.com. Node no nyinaa de wɔn amanneɛ kɔ control center interface koro mu, ma adwumayɛfo no nya drone a ɛreba no ho nhunumu wɔ bere pɔtee mu na wɔtumi jam wɔn pɛpɛɛpɛ. Kvertus ka sɛ, smart algorithms no ma Atlas tumi yɛ adwuma no ho adwene ne elektroniki ko no ntɛm sen onipa nextgendefense.com nextgendefense.com. Wɔ 2025 mfinimfini no, Atlas no nsa kaa Ukraine artillery brigade baako, na wɔpɛ sɛ wɔde to wiase nyinaa so (sika a ɛbɛyɛ $123 million pɛ) nextgendefense.com. Saa adwuma kɛse yi kyerɛ Ukraine de elektroniki akodeɛ a wɔabɔ mu bɔ ho ban – ntɔn a ɛyɛ den sen sɛ unit biara bɛyɛ ne de.
Wɔ Atlas ho, Ukraine de ɛha dodow a ɛwɔ hɔ a ɛyɛ EW (Electronic Warfare) system ahorow a ɛda hɔ nkutoo. Ɛfi ɔko no mfiase, portable anti-drone jammers – a ɛte sɛ abɔdeɛ a ɛda ho sɛ ɛyɛ rifle a ɛyɛ futuristic anaa antenna a wɔde gu tripod so – na wɔde rekyere Russian Orlan-10 surveillance drone no radio link. Ebinom fi Abibirim (Western) (sɛ, Lithuaniafoɔ EDM4S SkyWiper gun a wɔde maa Ukraine na wɔde guu drone ketewa ase wɔ 2022), na ebinom nso yɛ Ukraine de. Ukraine adwumayɛfoɔ ntɛm ara na wɔbɔɔ nneɛma te sɛ “Bukovel-AD” ne “Pishchal” jammer (a ɛda so wɔ akɔtɔre so) de bɔ akodɔm ho ban fi quadcopter ne loitering munitions ho. Ɛkɔsi 2023 mfinimfini no, Ukraine mpanyimfoɔ ka kyerɛɛ sɛ EW adwuma a ɛyɛ den no ama Shahed drone a ɛreba no dodow no ara atɔ fam anaa atɔ fam a ɛnyɛ pɛ (“location lost” a ɛda military log mu kyerɛ sɛ Shahed no GPS no yɛɛ spoofed wɔ jammer so) english.nv.ua. Retired Colonel Anatolii Khrapchynskyi kae sɛ GPS spoofing ne jamming a Ukraine EW yɛ no “rekyere Shahed no kwan anaa ma ɛbɔ fam” english.nv.ua, enti na Russia hyɛɛ mu sɛ wɔbɛsesa Shahed no de anti-jam a ɛyɛ den english.nv.ua.
Rɔshia EW Arsenal: Rɔshia mmarima a wɔwɔ ɔko no mu de electronic warfare (EW) akuw a wɔyɛ den kɔɔ ɔko no mu, na wɔde nsɛm foforo a wɔayɛ de atia drone ho asɛm aba. Wɔn kwan so fi akɛse, akyirikyiri jamming nsɛm so kɔsi nkurɔfo de wɔn ho de dwumadi. Ɛho nhwɛso titiriw ne “Pole-21” ne “Shipovnik-Aero” jamming stations a Rɔshia de di dwuma de bɔ UAV navigation ho ban wɔ beae kɛse so – wɔde ayɛ electronic “dead zones” a GPS-guided Ukraine drones ho yɛ den sɛ wɔbɛfa so. Wɔ tactical level so, Rɔshia afe 2024 mu de “Abzats” system bae a ɛmaa nnipa pii ani gyee ho. Abzats yɛ ketewa unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) a wɔde EW nneɛma ato so a ɛtumi kɔ so hwehwɛ ne ho na ɛtumi jam drones. Ɛde artificial intelligence di dwuma ma ɛnhia nnipa pii mmoa. Oleg Zhukov, a ɔyɛ Rɔshia kuropɔn a ɔwɔ akyirikyiri no panyin, kae sɛ “Abzats betumi ajam frequencies nyinaa a unmanned vehicles di so” na ɛtumi nso tu ne ho na yɛ EW adwuma wɔn a wonni operator ho mmoa newsweek.com newsweek.com. Ɛkɔsi April 2024, wɔkae sɛ Abzats akuw no reyɛ adwuma dedaw wɔ Rɔshia mmarima a wɔwɔ Ukraine newsweek.com. Saa bere no ara, Zhukov kaa portable jammer bi a wɔfrɛ no “Gyurza”, a ɛno nso de AI di dwuma, a ɛtumi paw na ɛjam enemy drone frequencies pɛ newsweek.com. Saa paw jamming yi ho hia – kan no, Rɔshia jammers no tumi jam wɔn ankasa UAVs, a ɛyɛ electronic fratricide. Gyurza AI tumi hu sɛ drone control link no yɛ Ukraine anaa Rɔshia na ɛno akyi na ɛbɛjam Ukraine de no newsweek.com. U.S. Institute for the Study of War buu saa nsakrae yi sɛ ɛyɛ de bɔ Rɔshia EW ho ban na ɛmmom mma wɔn ankasa drones ntɔ fam bere a wɔrebo Ukraine de no newsweek.com.
Asraafo Russia a wɔ frontline no nso de man-portable devices a ɛte sɛ nea Ukraine de no. Biribi a ɛyɛ anika bae mfe 2025 mfinimfini: soldier-wearable jammer rig. Video bi tu kɔe a ɔsraani Russia bi wɔ X-shaped antenna module bi a ɛda ne ti so ne backpack power unit, ɛte sɛ prototype wearable counter-drone jammer economictimes.indiatimes.com economictimes.indiatimes.com. Adwene no ne sɛ, ɔsraani baako a ɔwɔ patrol no bɛtumi ahu ne ajam drones ketewa a ɛbɛn no na watumi ajam wɔn, de bɛboaboa akuw ketewa ho ban na Ukraine FPV drones antumi nnhwehwɛ wɔn anaa antarget wɔn. Ɛwom sɛ ɛda so yɛ nsesae, nanso sɛ wɔde bɛyɛ dɛ wɔde bɛhyɛ akuw no ho “bubble wrap” a ɛyɛ electronic shield. Bio, Russia de vehicle-mounted EW te sɛ R-330Zh Zhitel jamming station ayɛ adwuma pa ara, na wɔde systems foforo bi nso ayɛ adwuma (sɛ Krasukha-4, a wɔbɔɔ ho ban sɛ ɛbɛjam radar ne AWACS, na wɔaka sɛ ɛtumi jam Ukraine drone communication nso sɛ wɔde bɛto frontline no ho).
Cat-and-Mouse Electronic Duel: Electronic warfare yɛ baabi a nsakrae da so ara. Mpanimfo no nyinaa retumi siesie wɔn drones na ɛnyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛjam wɔn, bere a wɔde jammers no nso reyɛ den. Sɛ nhwɛso, Russia Shahed-136 drones (a Russia frɛ no “Geran-2”) wɔ mfe 2023–2024 no, wɔde 16 anti-jam antennas ka ho de yɛɛ GPS resilience english.nv.ua. Drones bi a Russia de yɛ adwuma de inertial systems anaa terrain-matching na ɛboa wɔn bere a wɔjam wɔn, na ebinom (te sɛ loitering munitions bi) wɔasɔ fiber-optic control so – de physical cable a obi ntumi mfa remote jam no mexc.com. Ukraine de, wɔreyɛ adwuma wɔ frequency-hopping control links ho ma wɔn drones ne fail-safe modes a sɛ comms no kɔ, drone no betumi akɔbɔ target anaa akɔ fie ankasa mexc.com. Wɔreyɛ adwuma nso wɔ anti-jam GPS receivers ne navigation foforo (te sɛ vision-based) ma drones.
Wɔ NATO counter-drone exercise mu no, ɔba Ukraine bi kaa sɛ, amammerɛ jamming no “nnyɛ dɛ koraa wɔ akyirikyiri reconnaissance drones” a wɔwɔ nyansa kɛse wɔ wɔn kɔso so, enti Ukraine fii ase de kamikaze drones reko popa saa akɛse UAVs no na mmom reuters.com reuters.com. Saa nsɛm yi kyerɛ akɛse nsakrae bi: electronic warfare betumi adi dwuma wɔ nsɛm pii mu, nanso ɛnyɛ aduro nyinaa ho – titiriw sɛ drones no reyɛ nyansa. Enti, Ukraine ne Russia nyinaa pɛ sɛ wɔbɔ EW ho ban ne afoforo ho ban. Sɛ nhwɛso, Russia de air defense amammerɛ a ɛyɛ bɔkɔɔ betumi ayɛ sɛ: de EW bubu incoming Ukraine drone swarm no control link, ma bi bɛtotɔ fam anaa bɛkɔ akyirikyiri, na ɛberɛ koro no ara de Pantsir missiles anaa akyekyede ketewa bɔ biara drone a ɛda so reba no. Ukraine de ne ho bɔkɔɔ (te sɛ Atlas system) pɛ sɛ ɛde jamming, interception drones, ne gun-based defenses bɔ mu yie, na sɛ Shahed drone bi ba a, ɛbɛhyia jamming kan; sɛ ɛda so reba a, interceptor drone bɛkɔ; na sɛ ɛnyɛ yi nso a, Gepard anaa MANPADS bɛda hɔ sɛ nea ɛto so a ɛkyɛre no mexc.com mexc.com.
Electronic warfare ada adi sɛ ɛyɛ sika so na ɛyɛ dɛ wɔ saa ko yi mu air defense ho nhyehyɛe mu. Ɛyɛ sɛ suman a, sɛ ɛyɛ adwuma a, ɛma drone ɔhaw no tɔ fam a obiara nhu – nni popa anaa drone bɔ fam, na ɛyɛ robot a ɛyera wɔ soro. Nanso, EW nko ara ntumi mfa biribiara nkyere (drones bi yɛ nyansa dodo anaa wɔn dodow so dodo), enti na ɛka kinetic interceptors ho. Ɛno akyi no, yɛbɛhwɛ sɛnea drones rebo drones foforo fam, amammerɛ a ɛfiri sɛ ɛyɛ ade foforo aba abɛyɛ nea ɛho hia paa wɔ Ukraine.
Interceptor Drones: Drone ne Drone Ko aba hɔ
Ɛbɛyɛ sɛ nea ɛda so kɔ so di nsɛm titiriw wɔ counter-drone ko mu ne sɛ interceptor drone – drone a wɔbɔɔ no pɛpɛɛpɛ sɛ ɔbɛhwehwɛ na ɔbɛpopa atamfo drone. Nea ɛbɛyɛɛ sɛ science fiction (quadcopter ko anaa “suicide drones” a wɔbɔ wɔn ho) no, ɛyɛ nokware wɔ Ukraine ko anim. Ukraine ne Russia nyinaa de na wɔda so reyɛ saa kinetic counter-UAS drones no sɛ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ sika so de bɔ mass UAV attacks ho ban.
Ukraine Interceptor Fleet: Ukraine bɔɔ mmɔden de drone-to-drone tactics hyɛɛ ase ntɛm wɔ ɔko no mu, de biribiara a na wɔwɔ no reyɛ adwuma. Ɛkɔsi 2023, nnipa bi rekyerɛ FPV (first-person view) racing drones ketewa de di Russia aniwa drones akyi na wɔbɔ wɔn ho – ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔde wɔn ho bɔ wɔn ho sɛ kamikaze. Saa adwuma a wɔyɛe no, ɛyɛɛ dɛ ne bɔne, nanso ɛmaa wɔtumi sii nkɔso wɔ drones a wɔde yɛ interception ho. Ɛkɔsi 2024–2025, Ukraine wɔ drones a wɔde yɛ interception pɛpɛɛpɛ bebree a wɔde reyɛ adwuma anaa wɔreboaboa ho nsɛm. Drone bi a wɔka ho asɛm pii ne “Sting” interceptor a startup Wild Hornets mexc.com na ɛyɛe. Sting yɛ drone a ɛtu ntɛm, ɛyɛ dɛ, na ɛtumi kɔ 300 km/h so, na ɛde bɔtɔw a ɛbɔ pa ara bubu ne target no so mexc.com. Ne ho hia paa sɛ, ne bo yɛ akɛse ketewa sen surface-to-air missile a wɔde bɔ no – nkurɔfo bi ka sɛ ɛyɛ sika kakra pɛ – enti ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔde bɛyɛ adwuma pii mexc.com. Ukraine asraafo aka sɛ Sting abɔ Russia Shahed drones bebree a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde akode a ɛyɛ den na ɛyɛ duru na wɔbɔ wɔn no mexc.com. Drone foforo a Ukraine yɛe ne “Tytan”, a wɔyɛe ne Germany adwumayɛfo ka ho. Wɔka sɛ Tytan de artificial intelligence bɔ ho na ɛtumi hwehwɛ ne target ho ankasa, na wɔyɛe sɛ ɛbɛtumi abɔ drones a wɔtu ntɛm te sɛ Russia Lancet loitering munitions mexc.com.
Ukraine nso reyɛ adwuma ahorow wɔ interceptor ahorow a wɔn ho yɛ ketewa ne wɔn ho yɛ tenten ho. Ebinom yɛ fixed-wing drones: sɛ nhwɛso no, “Techno Taras” yɛ fixed-wing drone a ɛyɛ dɛ na ɛyɛ dɛ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛtɔ so (ne bo yɛ $1,600 fam) na ɛtumi foro kɔ 6,000 meter tenten ne 35 km akyirikyiri de toto drones anaa cruise missiles so mexc.com. Saa ara nso na, defense company bi a wɔfrɛ no General Cherry yɛɛ interceptor ketewa bi a ne bo yɛ $1,000 na wɔka sɛ ɛatumi bubu 300 Russian drones, kyerɛ sɛ drones a wɔn bo yɛ dɛ a wɔyɛ bebree betumi ama ɔtamfo UAV fleet no atɔ fam mexc.com. Volunteer groups nso bɛkaa ho – adwuma bi mu na wɔbɔɔ “Skyborn Rusoriz” drone a wɔka sɛ ɛbubu Russian recon drones bɛboro 400 mexc.com. Saa nɔma yi, ɛwom sɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛtumi agye ho adanse, nanso ɛkyerɛ sɛ Ukraine hu sɛ drone interceptors yɛ game-changers. President Zelenskyy ne ne manpanyinbɔfo no fii ase de “Clean Sky” initiative rema interceptor drone ahorow bɛbɔ ho ban wɔ Kyiv ne nkuro foforo so, na ɔhyɛɛ adwumayɛfo sɛ wɔmfa wɔn adwuma so kɛse english.nv.ua strategicstudyindia.com. July 2025 mu, bere a Russia de drones bebree reba so, Zelenskyy hyɛɛ sɛ wɔmfa interceptor drones 1,000 da biara na ɛbɛboa asraafodɔm no strategicstudyindia.com.Ɛwɔ hɔ nso sɛ, ɛwɔ hɔ a ɛho hia wɔ electronics ho a ɛfa saa interceptors yi ho: pii no, wɔde on-board AI processors ne computer vision rehyɛ mu na ɛbɛma wɔatumi ayɛ adwuma wɔ “fire-and-forget” mode mu mexc.com mexc.com. Sɛ wɔbɔ no, AI-enhanced interceptor betumi ahwehwɛ target drone no ho ankasa, atumi akyekyere no, na atoto ho akɔ akyi a, ɛrenhia sɛ onipa bɛda so apiloti no daa. Eyi ho hia paa bere a atamfo drone bebree betumi aba prɛko pɛ, anaa bere a jamming bɛtumi abɔ nkɔmmɔ so – interceptor no bɛyɛ sɛ mini guided missile a ɛwɔ drone ho. Ɛyɛ nhwɛso, Ukraine foforo interceptors no bebree bɛde SkyNode S AI modules (ɛbɛyɛ 30,000 a wɔnyae no wɔ Western mmoa so) de bɛma wɔn tumi ahu target no ankasa mexc.com.
Russia Drone Interceptors: Russia nso antɔ nkɔmmɔ wɔ saa asɛm yi so. Esiane sɛ Ukraine tumi reyɛ drone attacks a ɛkɔ akyirikyiri (e.binom de kɔ Russia mu akɛse) nti, Moscow asiesie ne ho na ɔde ne ho bɛto interceptor drone ahorow so. Nea edi kan a wɔhunuu no ne “Yolka” interceptor. Wɔ 2024 Victory Day parade a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ Moscow no, asraafo a wɔhwɛ ahosiesie so huu wɔn a wɔde tube-launched devices a wɔfrɛ no Yolka drones na wɔde rekɔ mexc.com mexc.com. Yolka no yɛ drone ketewa a wɔde bɔ ho ban a, wɔbɔ no kɔ atamfo UAV biara a ɛda hɔ, titiriw wɔ afahyɛ kɛse so – drone a ɛbɔ ho ban pɛpɛɛpɛ. Video bi baa abɔnten a ɛda ho adi sɛ asraafo Russia bi de Yolka bɔɔ ho ban wɔ battlefield so, ɔde handheld tube bɔɔ no; drone no onboard footage kyerɛɛ sɛ ɛkɔkyekyere Ukraine drone bi wɔ wim na ɛbɔ no mexc.com. Wɔka sɛ Yolka de AI di dwuma de kɔtɔ target a ɛwɔ 1 km akyirikyiri, na wɔde di dwuma wɔ VIP events ho, nanso ɛda hɔ sɛ ɛbɛba combat units ho nso mexc.com mexc.com.
Ɛbɔ September 2025 mu, wɔ Russia technology expo bi a wɔfrɛ no “Archipelago 2025,” na wɔda dron foforo a wɔde bɔ abɔnten ho ban ho adi mexc.com mexc.com. Wɔn mu bi ne: “Skvorets PVO” a ɛtumi tu ~270 km/h, “Kinzhal” (a wɔde dade kɛse no din too so, na wɔka sɛ ɛtumi tu 300 km/h), “BOLT”, “Ovod PVO”, ne “Krestnik M” mexc.com mexc.com. Eyinom nyinaa yɛ ketewa, na ɛyɛ a ɛbɛyɛ sɛ wɔde baako pɛ na wɔde yɛ adwuma, na wɔwɔ motɔ a ɛtu ntɛm ne AI a ɛboa wɔn kwan. Wɔde yɛ “fam so a ɛyɛ ɔtoɔtoɔ a ɛtumi hwehwɛ ne ho kwan” de kɔto atarget te sɛ quadcopter anaa loitering munitions ho mexc.com. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ Russia rekyerɛ nsakrae wɔ wɔn drone ho banbɔ mu, de kɔ fam a ɛyɛ ɔtoɔtoɔ ne dodow so – mmom sɛ wɔde bɛda wɔn ho so wɔ missile kakra no, wɔpɛ sɛ wɔde drone a wɔde bɔ abɔnten ho ban bebree ba sɛ ɛyɛ ɔkwan a ɛso sika nni so.
Russia nso asɔ interception kwan foforo ahwɛ. Prototype baako a wɔfrɛ no “Osoed” de net a ɛbɔ abɔnten ho ban bɔ, de kyekyere atamfo UAVs (ɛyɛ drone a ɛto net) na ɛtumi bɔ wɔn ho bɔ pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ 140 km/h nso a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ saa mexc.com. Net capture betumi aboa ama wɔbɛtumi abɛfa recon drone ketewa ase a ɛnyɛ hwee, de anya intelligence, na sɛ net no miss a, bɔ ho bɔ no bɛma ɛtotɔ. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ Russia wɔ adwene ahorow a ɛho yɛ fɛ wɔ drone design ho.
Sɛ yɛbɛka ho a, ɛnyɛ nna pii a, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛka sɛ hena interceptor no yɛ den sen ne yɔnko. Ukraine asraafo kaa wɔ March 2025 mu sɛ unit bi a wɔde “ultra-low-cost” interceptor drones (a wɔka sɛ ne bo yɛ 30 mpɛn tiaa Shahed a na wɔreko tia no) tumi bɔɔ Shahed-136 drones dodow a ɛboro du guu fam anadwo koro mu english.nv.ua english.nv.ua. Sɛ saa nkɔsoɔ yi betumi asan aba bio a, ɛyɛ ade kɛse – ɛkyerɛ sɛ wobɛtumi atwa drone bɔfo bebree ho guare a ɛnyɛ sika pii so. Russia de wɔn interceptor no akɔfa akɔda fie ho ban so na ɛnnɛ, wɔmmɔ no nsɔhwɛ wɔ akyirikyiri akɔkora so. Nanso, sɛ Ukraine drone bɔfo bɔ Russia asase so dɔɔso (te sɛ drone a ɛbɔɔ Russia ammo depot mu ma ɛyɛɛ boom kɛse wɔ September 2024 reuters.com), ɛbɛyɛ sɛ Russia bɛde interceptor yi bebree bɛda nkyɛnkyɛn beae a ɛho hia.
Ɔman mmienu no nyinaa te ase sɛ dodow ne ntɛm ho hia ma interceptor no. Drone bo yɛ ketewa sen missile defense battery, enti nea obetumi de dodow interceptor a ɛyɛ adwuma bɛba no, no na ɔwɔ mmerɛ so. Saa ara nso na, sɛ baako tumi de drone bɔfo bebree sen interceptor no bɛto so a, wobɛtumi atwa banbɔ no ho guare mexc.com. Ɛyɛ akode ntotoho wɔ nhyehyɛe ne teknɔlɔgyi mu. Sɛ Forbes bɔ ho dwumadi kyerɛe no, asraafodɔm no ayɛ sɛ “nea obetumi de interceptor a ɛyɛ adwuma dodow bɛba” ne “nea obetumi de drone bɔfo dodow bɛto so” ntotoho mexc.com. Ukraine ne Russia nyinaa reboaboa wɔn drone factories ano na wɔretwɛn sɛ wɔbɛyɛ nhyehyɛe no ntɛm na wɔde automation bɛboa.
Sɛ yɛbɛka mu tiaa, drone ne drone ko afi sɛ adwuma a wɔyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ kɔyɛɛ banbɔ a wɔahyɛ nhyehyɛe mu. Ɛde nsɛnhyɛso ba (asraafo seesei hia sɛ wɔbɛhu wɔn ankasa drone ne atamfo de mu) nanso ɛma kwan ma wɔbɛtumi atwa drone bebree ho guare a ɛnyɛ sika pii so. Na sɛ AI kɔ so yɛ den a, yebetumi ahu sɛ interceptor yi bɛyɛ den sen pɛ, na wɔbɛyɛ sɛ banbɔ bɔfo a wɔko tia atamfo drone bɔfo – ɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu kɛse wɔ ko a ɛreba no mu.
Adwuma a wɔyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ ne Banbɔ a ɛnyɛ Tradisional
Ɛnyɛ counter-drone mmoa nyinaa na ɛfa sɛ wɔtow high-tech akode. Wɔ front no, asraafo de wɔn adwene ayɛ nneɛma a ɛyɛ fɛfɛɛfɛ de bɔ drone ho ban. Saa non-traditional countermeasures yi fi ɔhaw ne adwene mu, na ɛnyɛ da biara na wɔka ho asɛm, nanso ɛboa ma asraafo nya ban pa.
Baako a wɔde yɛ adwuma ne physical barriers te sɛ nets, wires, anaa screens. Ukrainefo ne Russiafo, titiriw wɔn a wɔwɔ defensive positions no, de overhead cover ayɛ adwuma de bɔ drone ho ban. Sɛ nhwɛso, wɔ trench networks anaa command posts so, wobetumi atwe camouflage nets anaa chicken wire kɛkɛ. Adwene no ne sɛ sɛ kamikaze drone ketewa bi pɛ sɛ ɛbɔ baabi a, ɛbɛhye net no na ɛbɛpae ntɛm, na ɛbɛboa asraafo a wɔwɔ ase no oe.tradoc.army.mil. U.S. Army kae sɛ “Ukraine ne Russia ayɛ countermeasures te sɛ nets ne wires a ɛma direct-attack drones detonate ntɛm” efisɛ FPV drones no reyɛ asraafo a wɔda hɔ no bɔne oe.tradoc.army.mil. Nets renntumi mma missile kɛse nnyae, nanso ɛbɛtumi ama quadcopter a ɛso grenade anaa FPV drone a ɛpɛ sɛ ɛkɔ vehicle hatch no ho ayɛ den. Mfonini bi a wɔde fi ko no kyerɛ sɛ Russia asraafo mpo ayɛ wire “tunnels” ma nkɔntɔnkyɛnkye – te sɛ sɛ wɔde cages a wɔayɛ ntɛm na wɔde kɔ front no, de bɔ wɔn ho ban fi top-attack drones ho euro-sd.com. Saa mmoa yi yɛ deɛ ɛnni sika pii so na ɛyɛ ntɛm sɛ wobɛyɛ de field materials.
Decoys ne Deception nso wɔ mu. Nkyirikyiri no, wɔn baanu no de dummy targets (te sɛ atiridii a ɛnyɛ nokware anaa radar signatures) de bɔ enemy drones ne loitering munitions ho ban, na ɛboa ma wɔn deɛ ɛyɛ nokware no da hɔ. Saa ara nso na, de bɔ drone operators ho ban (efisɛ wɔtumi hu wɔn), Ukraine asraafo bi bere bi de radio nkɔmmɔto to mu anaa wɔde tethered drones (a wɔde cable) yɛ short-range recon na wɔmmma radio signal a Russia electronic intelligence betumi ahu no atlanticcouncil.org. Ato so sɛ units bi de acoustic detectors – te sɛ asɛmtew a wɔde tie drone motors no – de nya ntɛm kɔkɔbɔ, nanso ɛnyɛ dɛdɛɛdɛ sɛ electronic detectors.
Russia afa wɔakyerɛw sɛ wɔde adwene foforo bi abɛto hɔ te sɛ anti-drone cloaks anaa atade ma asraafo – ntama anaa poncho a wɔayɛ ho adwuma a ɛtumi ma nea ɔde no hyɛ no honam tumm a ɛda no adi so, na ɛboa ma ɔtumi dware fi Ukrainefo drone a wɔde thermal camera hyɛ so ani (anekɛdɛ bi a ɛkɔɔ viral kyerɛɛ sɛ Russiafo recon team bi bɔɔ saa ntama no so pɛɛ sɛ wɔde ho sie wɔn ho fi night-vision drone a ɛrehwɛ wɔn so) euro-sd.com. Saa ara na Ukraine asraafo no, wɔn nso, mpɛn pii, wɔde nneɛma a wɔde kata wɔn ho so na wɔmpɛ sɛ Russia drone no hu wɔn; wɔde nsuo a ɛyɛ dɛw a ɛtumi yɛ sukyerɛmma de kata beae no so bere a drone no yɛ adwuma dodo.
Nneɛma foforo a wɔde yɛ adwuma a wɔde bɔ ho ban ne restricting enemy ISR de nteteeɛ so. Wɔ afe 2023 mu, Ukraine kɔsii sɛ wɔbɛtumi atwa anaa atwa so ama amanfoɔ cellular service wɔ front no so efisɛ Russia drone (ne intelligence) de cell signals no na ɛhwehwɛ beae a ɛwɔ hɔ na ɛboa ma wɔtumi de UAVs no yɛ adwuma aol.com reuters.com. Sɛ wɔbɔ cellular dead zones a, na wɔn ani da so sɛ ɛbɛma Russia drone no adwuma atɔ fam (nanso ɛbɛka Ukrainefo nteteeɛ so nso).
Ɛsɛ sɛ yɛka ho psychological countermeasures nso. Nkyɛmu no, mpɔtam hɔ asraafo no, wɔkyerɛ wɔn sɛ wɔnhwɛ drone ho yie – quadcopter a ɛda so rehome no, ɛyɛ nneɛma a ɛma asraafo no ntɛm ara guare. Ukrainefo unit bi wɔ spotters a wɔn adwuma ne sɛ wɔhwɛ ɔsoro, na Russiafo unit bi de signal detector hwehwɛ beae a atamfo drone operator no wɔ (mpɛn pii, wɔfrɛ artillery de bɔ beae a wɔsusuw sɛ operator no wɔ hɔ). Ɛnyɛ “system” pɛ, nanso tactics and training nsakrae yɛ counter-drone adwuma mu ade titiriw.
Nkyerɛmu no, ɔko no, nea ɛbɛyɛ adwuma na ɛda so. Sɛ ɛkyerɛ sɛ wobɛde ntama kata trench so anaa wobɛma asraafo earplug a ɛboa ma wɔte drone no home yie a, ɛyɛ. High-tech akodeɛ no na ɛda anim, nanso saa adwuma a nkurɔfo de wɔn ho yɛ no na ɛboa nkwa da biara na ɛyɛ counter-drone ko no mu ade titiriw.
International Contributions and Integrated Air Defense
Fi ɔko no mfiase, Ukraine bɔne a wɔde bɔ drone ho ban no, wɔn a wɔwɔ abɔnten a wɔboa wɔn no, na ɛboa wɔn paa. NATO man, United States, ne EU de nneɛma ne nkyerɛkyerɛ aboa Ukraine ma wɔbɛtumi ayɛ layered integrated air defense – beae a counter-drone nneɛma no yɛ adwuma ka ho ma air defense a ɛda so bɔ ban fi aircraft ne missile ho.
Abɔdeɛ Foforɔ a Wɔde Firi Atɔeɛ: Abɔdeɛ bebree a atɔeɛfoɔ de brɛɛ Ukraine wɔ dwuma titiriw wɔ sɛ wɔde bɛko atudron. Yɛaka dedaw sɛ Germany de Gepard SPAAGs ne IRIS-T SLM missiles brɛɛ Ukraine. Bio nso, US de NASAMS (National Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System) bɛma Ukraine, na ne radar a ɛde AMRAAM missiles bɔ abɔdeɛ no aboa ma wɔatumi atutu Russia atudron (NASAMS na ɛtutu Russia Shahed wɔ ne da a edi kan a ɔyɛɛ adwuma wɔ Kyiv atadeɛ ho). VAMPIRE system a L3Harris yɛe no nso yɛ Amerika de brɛɛ Ukraine: ɛyɛ kit a wobetumi de asi pickup truck anaa Humvee so, na ɛwɔ electro-optical sensor ne launcher a ɛto APKWS laser-guided 70mm rockets a ɛyɛ den wɔ atudron so militarytimes.com militarnyi.com. VAMPIRE anan (4) na wɔde brɛɛ Ukraine mfe 2023 mfinimfini, na du (10) bio de brɛɛ wɔn mfe 2023 awieeɛ militarytimes.com militarnyi.com, na wɔaka sɛ wɔde reko Shahed a ɛba so no so defence-blog.com. Eyinom boa ma wɔtumi kora beaeɛ a ɛho hia ho ban, titiriw anadwo a infrared camera no betumi ahu atudron a ɛreba.
NATO man bi de man-portable jamming guns ne anti-drone systems brɛɛ Ukraine: Lithuania de EDM4S rifles, Poland ne Estonia de drone jammer kits, Britain de anti-drone systems te sɛ AUDS (Anti-UAV Defence System) a ɛde radar ne directional RF jammer bɔ abɔdeɛ no ho ban, ne afoforɔ. Wɔmmɔ inventory no ho dawuru, nanso Ukraine asraafoɔ nni hia saa akyɛdeɛ ketewa yi ho. Bio nso, wɔkyerɛkyerɛ software ne intel – sɛnea US ne ne nnamfoɔ de ntɛm kɔma Ukraine wɔ Russia atudron a wɔde bɛto hɔ ho nsɛm (sɛ, wɔhu Shahed a wɔde fi Russia asase so reba), na atadeɛ ho banfoɔ betumi asiesie wɔn ho.
Nkyerɛkyerɛ ne Ntoatoaso: Sɛnea NATO ahu Ukraine nsa so nimdeɛ no, wɔfrɛɛ Ukraine ma ɔbɛka wɔn afe biara counter-drone ntoatoaso ho a ɛyɛ a edi kan wɔ 2024 mu reuters.com. NATO man bɛboro 20 ne adwumayɛfo bɛyɛ 50 boaboa wɔn ho ano wɔ Netherlands de sɔ anti-drone system ahorow a ɛbɛyɛ dɛ wɔbɛtumi ayɛ adwuma bom, na Ukraine adwene yɛɛ mmerɛ ne ho sɛ ɔda drone ho ɔhaw da biara reuters.com reuters.com. Ntoatoaso no yɛɛ sɛnea nkuto ketewa FPV drones bɛyɛ dɔm bɛbɔ – ɛyɛ biribi a wɔfaa fi Ukraine front so pɛpɛɛpɛ. NATO mpanyimfo kaa pefee sɛ wɔpɛ sɛ wɔ“sua fi sɛnea drones ne unmanned systems yɛ adwuma ntɛm wɔ ɔko no mu” reuters.com, de Ukraine yɛ adwumayɛbea a wɔde rehwɛ sɛnea ɔko a atitiriw bɛyɛ. Saa nsua a ɛkɔ ne ba no kyerɛ sɛ Ukraine nya hokwan de Westfo nketenkete nkɔsoɔ (sɛ ɔbɛsɔ atoatoaso mu anaa ɔde bɛyɛ amansan ho banbɔ), na NATO nso nya mfaso fi Ukraine ko mu nsa so nimdeɛ. Ɛyɛ ntamgyina a ɛma nkɔsoɔ ntɛm wɔ mpɔtam no nyinaa.
Abɛyɛ Nketenkete System Foforɔ: Westfo adwumayɛfo nso resesa wɔn ho de bɛtua drone ho ɔhaw no so, na Ukraine betumi anya mfaso fi nketenkete teknɔlɔgyi foforɔ mu. Sɛ nhwɛso, September 2025 mu, Germany Rheinmetall kae sɛ wɔde Skyranger mobile air-defense system bɛma Ukraine ansa na afe no to betwa defensenews.com. Skyranger yɛ teknɔlɔgyi kɛse turret (wobetumi de asi akodeɛ so) a ɛwɔ 30mm automatic cannon a ɛde programmable airburst ammunition, na wɔbɔɔ ho pɛpɛɛpɛ de bɛtua drones ne cruise missiles so. Ɛte sɛ Gepard nnamfo a ɛyɛ ketewa na wɔyɛɛ de bɛtua UAV so. Wɔkyerɛw kontrakt no wɔ DSEI 2025 akodeɛ da, na batch a edi kan bɛkɔ Ukraine na wɔpɛ sɛ wɔma so de kɔ 200 units afe biara (ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛda ho akyirikyiri bɛyɛ dɛ ɛbɛyɛ dɛ wɔbɛhwehwɛ pii) en.defence-ua.com. Eyi kyerɛ NATO botae sɛ wɔbɛboa Ukraine short-range air defense de nketenkete system foforɔ. Saa ara nso na wɔrekasa ho sɛ wɔbɛma C-RAM (counter-rocket, artillery, mortar) system, a ɛda ho sɛ ɛboa wɔ drone ho (US de Vulcan Phalanx gun system a ɛhwɛ Ukraine kurow bi ho yɛ nhwɛso, ɛwom sɛ ɛyɛ de rockets ho).
Ɔman foforo bi nso ne radar ne hunu adeɛ: NATO membere no de Ukraine ama 3D radar a ɛyɛ foforo a ɛtumi hu adeɛ a ɛnam fam ne nea ɛnyɛ kɛseɛ. US de AN/TPQ-48 counter-mortar radar a ɛyɛ ketewa bi a ɛtumi yɛ drone hunu adeɛ nso maa wɔn, na ɔman foforo nso de nnwuma te sɛ Australia “DroneShield RfPatrol” ne Dedrone sensors a ɛboa ma wɔtumi hu drone control frequency dedrone.com forbes.com. German defense firm bi nso de infrared drone hunu network bɔɔ Odesa ho ban akyi a drone bɔne bi sii hɔ nextgendefense.com. Nneɛma yi nyinaa bɔ mu ma integrated air defense – a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔde sensor ahorow (radar, IR, acoustic) ne akodeɛ (missile, gun, jammer, interceptor) bɔ bom wɔ baabi koro so. Ukraine rekyerɛ “drone wall” a ɛreyɛ no yɛ saa integration no ara.
Ɛsɛ sɛ yɛka ho intelligence sharing nso: Aban atitire a wɔwɔ West (ISR) – fi satellite kɔsi AWACS plane so – boa Ukraine ma wɔtumi hu Russia drone dwumadi kɛse so. Sɛ wɔka drone bɔ a ɛreba anaa drone foforo a Russia de reba no ho asɛm kyerɛ Ukraine a, ɛboa ma wɔtumi sesa wɔn ho ban. Saa ara nso na, sɛ Ukraine tumi bɔ drone gu anaa wɔn ho bɔ no yɛ mmerɛ a, ɛma NATO nya data a wɔde bɛsesa wɔn counter-UAS nhyehyɛe. Saa ko yi ama NATO asisi mu sɛ wɔbɛyɛ adwuma kɛse wɔ anti-drone ho; sɛnea NATO general bi ka kyerɛɛ no, “Ɛnyɛ baabi a yɛbɛtena hɔ na yɛnhyɛ ho nsow”, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ sɛ Ukraine kurow no rehu drone bɔne a, ɛma NATO nso redi dwuma sɛ biribi te saa betumi aba wɔn so reuters.com.
Russia Amanamanmu Mmoa: Ɛwom sɛ Russia atwitwa ho fi nkurɔfoɔ ho, nanso wɔanya mmoa kakra wɔ counter-drone ho, titiriw fi Iranfoɔ a wɔwɔ nimdeɛ wɔ drone ho wɔ Middle East, ne sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a China betumi de wɔn electronic tech aboa (wɔtee sɛ China anti-drone system te sɛ “Silent Hunter” laser no wɔ Russia nsrahwɛ mu wesodonnell.medium.com). Nanso, Russia counter-drone adwuma no, wɔn defense industry na ɛda so na wɔde wɔn adeɛ a wɔwɔ repurpose.
Sɛ yɛbɔ biribiara ho adwene, Ukraine ne NATO mpanyimfo a wɔyɛ adwuma bɔ mu no aboa wɔn anti-drone bɔho ho dodo. Eyi ama holistic approach – ɛnyɛ sɛ wɔde akyɛde kɛkɛ na wɔtow gu asɛm no so, na mmom wɔrebɔ bɔho a ɛyɛ network a ɛde bɔho ahorow bebree bɔ mu. Saa bɔho a ɛkɔ akyirikyiri yi na ɛma Ukraine tumi gyina Russia drone bɔne a ɛdɔɔso no ano, na ɛmma ɛnyɛ den sɛ ɛbɛyɛ ɔhaw kɛse, ɛwom sɛ bɔne no rekɔ so reyɛ den.
Russia Counter-Drone Nhyehyɛe ne Nnua
Ɛkosi seesei, yɛakasa Russia counter-drone adwuma no ho a yɛde Ukraine de bɔ ho banbɔ (de yɛ nhyehyɛe ho nsusui). Ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwɛ mu kɛse na yɛkyerɛ Russia kwan a ɔfa so di counter-UAV ko no ho nsɛm, efisɛ ɔwɔ ne ho nsɛnnennen: ne nyinaa ne sɛ ɔbɔ ne ho ban fi Ukraine drone so na ɛno akyi no, ɔsɛe ne drone a ɔde maa ne ho nkurɔfo ne ne de a ɔde di ko no nso wɔ baabi koro no ara.
Wɔ Ukraine ko mu, Russia asraafo de wɔn adwene si tactical drones so – fi quadcopter ketewa a ɛhwehwɛ wɔn asraafo so kɔsi loitering munitions te sɛ Switchblades anaa drone kɛse te sɛ Bayraktar TB2 (nanso ɛyɛ kakra pɛ wɔ 2022 akyi efisɛ Russia air defense yɛ den). Russia air defense a wɔde yɛɛ adwuma fi Cold War mu no yɛ den wɔ soro, enti Ukraine drone kɛse no ho yɛ den. Nanso, sɛ ɛba drone ketewa a ɛtɔ fam so a, Russia nso hwehwɛɛ kwan foforo te sɛ Ukraine de point defense ne EW.
Yɛakyerɛ Russia nnua bebree: Pantsir-S1 ne Tor-M2 de bɔho a ɛto, Abzats ne Gyurza de jamming, Yolka ne drone a wɔde bɔ drone so. Bio nso, Russia de electronic warfare nnua a wɔde yɛ adwuma tete te sɛ Borisoglebsk-2 ne Leer-3 de jam Ukraine UAV controls na ɛka ho sɛ wɔbɔ GPS fɔ. Leer-3 no, ɛyɛ nnua a wɔde Orlan-10 drone no ara yɛ EW platform de jam communication (enti Russia de drone di drone ho ko wɔ EW mu nso).
Sɛ wɔbɔ baabi a ɛho hia ho ban (te sɛ Moscow anaa airbase wɔ Crimea), Russia de bɔho ahorow ahorow si hɔ: early warning radar, EW de ma drone no nnya kwan, bɔho a ɛbɛn te sɛ Pantsir, na mpo akodɔm a wɔwɔ aborɔnten so wɔ Moscow a wɔwɔ AK ne machine gun de bɔ drone a ɛfa mu. Putin ho asraafo de anti-drone rifle (wɔhunuu no July 2025) – wɔkyerɛ no sɛ X-shape nnua a ɛtumi hu drone na ɛtumi ma drone no nnya adwuma, ɛbɛyɛ sɛ ɛde jamming anaa localized EMP economictimes.indiatimes.com economictimes.indiatimes.com. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ Russia de drone ho ɔhaw no yɛ ade kɛse wɔ kurow no mu.
Nsɛm foforɔ bi nso ne counter-drone operations wɔ asase so : Russia wɔ electronic surveillance units a wɔbɔ mmɔden de hwehwɛ baabi a Ukrainefo drone operators wɔ, de radio uplinks na hwehwɛ wɔn. Sɛ wotumi hu baabi a operator no betumi wɔ a, mpɛn pii, wɔde artillery strikes anaa sniper teams bɛba so de bɛkum drone crew no – ɛkyerɛ sɛ “wɔreko tia drone no de, wɔreko tia onipa a ɔda akyi no.” Atlantic Council kae wɔ afe 2025 mfinimfini sɛ “Russia rekyerɛ sɛ ɔde ne ho bɔ Ukraine drone operators ne radar stations a wɔde di dwuma no so,” pɛ sɛ ɔbɔ nkɔntɔn wɔ Ukraine drone coverage mu atlanticcouncil.org . Eyi kyerɛ sɛ Russian doctrine no hu atamfo drone network no sɛ baako – ɛnyɛ drone no nkutoo na wɔbɛko tia, na mmom ne supporting infrastructure (ground control, datalinks, ne afoforo) nso.
Lasers ne Futurɛ Tech: Yaka ho asɛm wɔ Russia a ɔka sɛ ɔde Zadira laser system no bɛto hɔ wɔ 2022 a Western officials annye nni ho defensenews.com . Sɛ Zadira dii dwuma anaa anndi dwuma no, Russia daa adi wɔ 2025 sɛ ɔwɔ mobile laser air defense prototypes a wɔka sɛ betumi atwa drones wɔ nsɔhwɛ mu economictimes.indiatimes.com . Sɛ yɛhwɛ Russia a ɔde ne ho bɔ technical solutions so no, ɛbɛyɛ a wɔda so reyɛ adwuma wɔ directed-energy weapons ho de bɛko tia drones, nanso power supply ne mobility nsɛnhia da so (te sɛnea ɛte ma Ukraine Tryzub laser no). Bio nso, Russian state media bere biara bɔ exotic adwene te sɛ microwave weapons a wɔde bɛhyew drone circuits wɔ abɛn so, nanso wonnyaa operational adanse biara a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔde saa system no di dwuma da.
Nsɛnhia a wɔanya fi abɔnten so: Russia betumi anya nsɛm fi afoforo so nso. Sɛ nhwɛso, wahu sɛnea U.S. asraafo wɔ Syria ne Iraq dii dwuma tiaa ISIS drones – enti, Russia nso de saa nsɛnhia bi te sɛ EW, anaa sɛ wɔkyerɛ snipers sɛ wɔnsua sɛnea wɔbɛtow drones. Asɛm bi ka ho sɛ Russian snipers de special high-powered scopes na wɔkyerɛ wɔn sɛ wɔnsua sɛnea wɔbɛtow UAV ketewa so (ɛnyɛ adwuma a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, nanso ɛtumi yɛ baako pɛ a ɛbɛyɛ adwuma).
Nokware mu no, Russia counter-drone strategy no yɛ multi-layered na ɛde mobility ne electronic measures di kan. Mobile EW units te sɛ backpack jammers ma squad biara tumi yɛ adwuma, na akɛse no de, wɔde bɔ strategic assets ho ban. Kinetic interceptors (ɛnyɛ sɛ missiles anaa intercept drones) de, wɔde di dwuma sɛ ɛho hia. Na Russia nsuro sɛ ɔbɛto ne sika gu automation ne AI so de bɛboa saa adwuma yi – Abzats ne Gyurza systems no kyerɛ sɛ wɔpɛ sɛ wɔkɔ autonomous anaa semi-autonomous defenses a ɛtumi yɛ ntɛm sen onipa.
Afei, yɛbɛka ho asɛm sɛnea Russia hu cost-exchange no: Russia asraafo nwomafoɔ pii ka sɛ sɛ wokɔde $1-2 million Buk missile bɔ $10k soɔdrɔɔn a wɔde yɛ adwuma a, ɛnyɛ papa. Eyi nti, wɔpɛ “cheaper” akwan so – enti na wɔde adwene si so sɛ wɔbɛyɛ intercept drones ne simple EW devices bebree. Ɛberɛ a ɛrekɔsi afe 2025 awieeɛ no, Russia asraafo adwumayɛfoɔ aka sɛ wɔbɛtumi ayɛ intercept drones bi wɔ six-figure quantities sɛ ɛho hia, na ama wɔn ho adwuma ayɛ dodo te sɛ sɛ wɔde drones bebree reba so mexc.com. Eye nɔma ho agodie, na Russia pɛ sɛ wonnya nkɔ anim wɔ drone ne counter-drone nɔma ho agodie no mu.
Susu Sɛnea Nnua No Te: Bo, Soa Ho, ne Sɛnea Ɛyɛ Adwuma
Yɛahu counter-drone nnua titiriw a Ukraine ne Russia de di dwuma no, ɛyɛ papa sɛ yɛbɛtoto wɔn ho na yɛahu nsɛntitiriw bi so: bo, sɛnea ɛyɛ adwuma, ne sɛnea ɛsoa ho. Nnua biara wɔ ne ho nsakrae, na nea ɛbɛyɛ papa no, ɛda so wɔ nsɛm a ɛda hɔ so.
- Nwene ne Sikasɛm: Sikasɛm abɛyɛ ade titiriw. Ukraine ne Russia nyinaa rehyia nsɛnnennen a ɛfa drone bɔadeɛ a ɛtumi ka drone bebree a ɛyɛ deɛ wotumi gu no agu. Sɛ wɔde sika tenten so interceptors bɔ drone biara a, ɛnyɛ yie. Ma Ukraine, atumfoɔ a wɔde atumfoɔ missile system te sɛ IRIS-T anaa NASAMS a atɔrefoɔ de brɛ wɔn no yɛ den paa wɔ bɔ biara so (bɛyɛ 100% tumi kum drone no) nanso ɛyɛ kakra na ɛsɔ sika tenten, missile biako tumi sɔ ahan anaa apem dollar. Sɛ yɛde bɔ no ho, Gepard a wɔde atetesɛm no tumi bɔ 35mm bɔadeɛ a ɛnyɛ sika tenten (bɔadeɛ 20 AHEAD rounds bɛyɛ sika kakra pɛ) de bɛtumi bɔ Shahed drone gu english.nv.ua. Eyi ma Gepard yɛ den na ɛyɛ sika so yie, nti ɛno nti na ɛda kan. Saa ara nso na, machine gun bɔadeɛ anaa Horoshok rifle bɔadeɛ foforɔ no sika a ɛsɔ no yɛ ketewa sen missile – enti sɛ wɔtumi yɛ den a, ɛyɛ papa ma nsɛnnennen a ɛto so a ɛyɛ den. Russia so, system te sɛ Pantsir missile no nso sika a ɛsɔ no yɛ tenten (~$60k+ missile biako), nanso drone interceptor te sɛ Yolka anaa 30mm anti-air gun bɔadeɛ no yɛ sika ketewa sen missile biako. Interceptor drones gyina hɔ sɛ ɔkwan a ɛsɔ sika so yie: sɛnea wɔaka no, Ukraine interceptor bi tumi yɛ Shahed a ɛbɛsɛe no ho sika bɛyɛ mpɛn 30 ketewa sen Shahed no ho sika english.nv.ua english.nv.ua, ma sika a wɔde bɔ ho no kɔ Ukraine mmerɛ so. Eyi nti na interceptor drones no yɛ ade a aman no nyinaa de to so – ɛhyɛ sikasɛm so a ɛtumi yɛ bebree. Electronic warfare nso wɔ ne sika ho nhyehyɛe: sɛ wode sika gu equipment no so a, wubetumi abɔ drone bebree agu a wode bɔadeɛ biara nni ho, na ɛyɛ dɛ. Nanso, electronic warfare (EW) equipment a ɛyɛ den no sika a ɛsɔ no yɛ tenten (system te sɛ Atlas no, ɛtumi sɔ million du anaa kɛse sen saa de kɛkaho ma ɔman no nyinaa nextgendefense.com). Sɛ yɛhwɛ nyinaa a, yɛhu sɛ: defense a ɛsɔ sika ketewa na ɛtumi yɛ bebree (machine gun, jammer, drone a ɔko drone so) na wɔde reko drone bebree so, na wɔde deɛ ɛsɔ sika tenten no bɛto hɔ ma deɛ ɛho hia paa anaa deɛ ɛtumi bɔ mu.
- Adwuma ne Gyidie: Wobetumi asusuw adwuma so de probability a wobɛtumi asɛe anaa wotumi gyina drone no ano. Nsɛmma a wɔyɛ den (SAMs, lasers a wɔayɛ den koraa) tumi nya nkɔsoɔ kɛse wɔ baako-bako ho, nanso ɛbɛtumi ayɛ sɛ ɛyɛ den dodo anaa ɛbɛtumi ayɛ sɛ wɔbɛtumi de drone bebree atwa ho ahyia. EW nsɛmma tumi yɛ adwuma paa – sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔka sɛ Ukraine EW na ɛma Shahed bebree ntumi mmɛdu wɔn botae so koraa english.nv.ua. Nanso, EW adwuma tumi so betɔ fam sɛ wɔde countermeasures ba so (sɛnea wɔahu wɔ Russia drone foforɔ a ɛntumi nnya jamming ho mmoa no ho) english.nv.ua. Guns ne MANPADS de, wɔn nkɔsoɔ yɛ ntetee; ɛhia nimdeɛ ne sɛ wopɛ baabi pa, na drone bebree atumi aguan gunfire ho anaa atwa MANPADS engagement floor ase. Interceptor drone adwuma so, wɔrekyerɛw ho nsɛm da so rehwɛ; nsɛnhyɛso a edi kan fi Ukraine nsɔhwɛ mu yɛ anigye (unit baako tumi kum drone du kɛse anɔpa koro mu) english.nv.ua, nanso ɛno nso, ɛbɛtumi aguan anaa wɔbɛtumi aguan ho, titiriw sɛ enemy drone no bɛyɛ maneuvers anaa wɔwɔ counter-countermeasures. Ɔbenfo bi wɔ Ukraine kae sɛ interceptor drone nkɔsoɔ “ɛda operator nimdeɛ, drone tenten ne interception geometry so” – sɛ wopɛ sɛ wokɔfa ade a ɛrekɔ so a, ɛyɛ den english.nv.ua. Eyi nti, Ukraine interceptor nsɛmmafo de AI reboa sɛnea ɛbɛma operator nimdeɛ ho mmɔden no atɔ fam. Russia de, wɔn a wɔde combined arms – jamming kan, na akyi de gun – ayɛ adwuma pa wɔ wɔn man mu (Moscow asɛm a wɔbɔɔ drone 8 mu 5 guu fam akyi a 3 yɛɛ jammed en.wikipedia.org yɛ nhwɛso pa a ɛkyerɛ sɛ layered defense yɛ adwuma). Portability nso ka ho sɛnea adwuma bɛyɛ yie wɔ asase so: jammer a onipa betumi de n’ankasa kɔ anaa pickup so system betumi akɔ baabi a ɛho hia ntɛm, na system kɛse de, ɛbɛtumi anyɛ adwuma wɔ baabiara. Ukraine mobile team a wɔde pickup no ayɛ adwuma pa efisɛ wɔtumi kɔ baabiara a wɔahu drone ntɛm english.nv.ua english.nv.ua. Portability de, ɛkɔ ka sɛ range bɛtɔ fam – sɛ nhwɛso no, Stinger a wode bɛto so betumi akɔ drone a ɛwɔ ~4-5 km tenten pɛ, na truck system de, ɛbɛtumi akata beae kɛse.
- Portability ne Deployment Flexibility: Wɔ Ukraine side no, bɛyɛ counter-drone tool biara yɛ mobile paa, efisɛ front no yɛ den na ɛkɔ so sesa. Gepard no tumi kɔ baabi a ehia (na wɔde asan akɔbo kurow foforo so bere a drone attack yɛ den). Atlas EW system no, ɛwɔ he na ɛyɛ network kɛse, nanso ɛyɛ nkuto ketewa a wobetumi de atwa afie so wɔ tripod anaa car so nextgendefense.com. Drone interceptors no yɛ portable – nkurɔfo de gu backpack anaa car trunk mu, na wobetumi de bɔ afiri nsa anaa tube ketewa mu mexc.com mexc.com. Sɛ decentralization no wɔ hɔ a, platoon-level unit mpo betumi anya anti-drone tool biara a, wonnhwɛ sɛ wɔretwɛn soro akode. Russia nso ayɛ saa ara, ama counter-UAV tool bebree frontline-deployable: sɛ, wearable jammer, backpack EW unit te sɛ Stupor (jammer a ɛte sɛ gun a Russia da no adi mfe kakra atwam), ne sɛ wɔde Tor anaa Pantsir unit bɔ key battalion ho ban. Wobetumi de lasers ho bɔ ho nsɛm – seesei, laser no nyɛ portable (Ukraine Tryzub no ɛhia truck platform defensenews.com defensenews.com, na laser tenten no bebree ɛhia car anaa baabi a ɛda hɔ). Enti laser bɛyɛ dɛ paa ma static defense (sɛ kurow anaa nuclear plant ho), nanso ɛnyɛ biribi a unit biara betumi anya wɔ field no so seesei.
Ɛkɔ so no, Ukraine approach no ne sɛ wɔbɔ mix static ne mobile defense, na wɔde emphasis gu mobility so wɔ tactical edge (sɛnea wɔbɛtumi atia drone biara a ɛbɛpue baabiara wɔ front no so). Russia approach nso yɛ mix static protection ma key asset (sɛ depot, kurow ho) ne mobile unit a ɛkɔ ne wɔn force ho de jam anaa bɔ Ukraine drone a ɛreba.
Afei, ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwɛ capacity for scale nso: system bɛn na wobetumi asesa ntɛm so sɛ drone threat no kɔ so yɛ den? Interceptor drone ne ammunition-based system betumi asesa ntɛm sɛ production line ne sika wɔ hɔ – wɔde commercial tech anaa factory a ɛwɔ hɔ na ɛyɛ (sɛ Ukraine de drone hobby part repurpose de yɛ interceptor mpempem). High-tech SAM de, ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobetumi asesa wɔ ɔko mu (ɛhia supply chain tenten ne adwuma). EW system no yɛ somewhere in between: ɛhia electronics nanso bebree de COTS (commercial off-the-shelf) part, enti sɛ wode adwuma kɛse (sɛ Ukraine de Atlas network jammers mpempem) a, wobetumi de kata area no so.
Ukraine ne Russia nyinaa asua de ogya atɔ wɔn ho so sɛdeɛ ɛhe na ɛyɛ papa paa sɛ wɔde nsɛmma nhyehyɛe bɛnya mmuaeɛ pa. Ma Ukraine deɛ, nhyehyɛe a ɛda ho so a wɔde EW ne interceptors di dwuma de gye kɛse no, na wɔde guns/MANPADS kyere wɔn a wɔaguan no, ayɛ adwuma – ɛkɔsi mfe 2023 mfinimfini no, Ukraine redi Shahed drones a wɔtow gu wɔn kurow so no pii so, mpɛn pii 70-80% anaa ɛboro saa, de saa nhyehyɛe yi na ɛyɛ english.nv.ua english.nv.ua. Ma Russia deɛ, a Ukraine drone bɔne no sua, nanso ɛyɛ targeted, wɔn deɛ, wɔde early warning, EW, ne point defenses abom ama Ukraine UAVs no antumi anyɛ Russia bɔne kɛse – nanso sɛ Ukraine bɔ no kɔ akyirikyiri (kɔsi Moscow ne Crimea so) a, ɛda so ara na ɛda ho sɛ baabi bi wɔ mmerɛ a wɔn ho nhyehyɛe no yɛ mmerɛw.
Nsakrae Foforɔ (2024–2025): Teknoloji ne Nkwankyerɛ a ɛresesa
Bere a ɛfiri 2024 kɔ 2025 no, ntoaso ntɛm na ɛda ho adi wɔ drone ko no mu. Mfe biara a ɛto so kakra no, teknoloji foforɔ ba anaa wɔn de ade a ɛwɔ hɔ dada no yɛ adwuma foforɔ. Ɛha na yɛbɛka nsakrae titiriw a abɛto hɔ ne nea ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛbɛba daakye:
- Mpaninana Drone Bebree ne Rekɔdɔ Titri: Russia boaboa ne drone a wɔde bɔ ko (pɔtee Shahed-136) ho dodo so kɛse wɔ 2023 awieeɛ ne 2024 mu. Da koro pɛ wɔ July 2024, Ukraine ka sɛ Russia de drone 728 a ɛyɛ rekɔdɔ bɔɔ wɔn so baako pɛ english.nv.ua english.nv.ua – ɛyɛ dɔm a ɛnni da a wɔde pɛ sɛ wɔhyɛ Ukraine ho ban no so. Sɛdeɛ ɛteɛ no, Ukraine de wɔn adwene sii banbɔ a ɛnyɛ sika dodo so. Eyi na ɛmaa mmɔdenbɔ pii a yɛkaa ho asɛm no fii ase: adwuma a wɔde yɛ interceptor drone, Horoshok ammo, ne Atlas jamming wall no nyinaa yɛɛ den sen pɛpɛɛpɛ sɛ Ukraine huu sɛ drone 1,000 da biara (ɛyɛ nɔma a Zelenskyy kaa sɛ ɛbɛtumi aba) english.nv.ua english.nv.ua. Ɛwom sɛ drone 1,000 da biara nni hɔ daa, nanso Russia kaa sɛ wɔbɛtumi ayɛ mpempem drone biara bosome baako pɛ wɔ 2024 awieeɛ, na Putin kaa sɛ wɔbɛkɔ so ayɛ drone no dodow mprɛnsa kɔ 1.4 million bosome biara (ɛyɛ nɔma a ɛda so a ɛka drone ketewa nyinaa ho) reuters.com. Asɛm no mu kɛse ne sɛ: Ukraine retwɛn sɛ dɔm a ɛsen deɛ wɔahu bɛba, enti wɔresesa wɔn banbɔ ho – sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔpɛ sɛ wɔma nneɛma yɛ ho adwuma ho ara, efisɛ nnipa ntumi nni dwuma wɔ drone ahodoɔ bɛha a ɛreba wɔn so no ho.
- Fiber-Optic ne Autonomos Drones: Sɛ wɔka ho asɛm no, Russia de fiber-optic a wɔde di drone ho adwuma (titiriw wɔ nhwehwɛmu ho) bae wɔ 2024 sɛ mmuaeɛ kɛseɛ maa Ukraine de jamming. Fiber-optic drone no de cable bi a ɛwɔ ne ho na ɔde rekyekyere akyi no, na ɛma operator no tumi nya data link a ɛnkɔfa radio jamming. Ukraine huu sɛ wɔn EW no nni mfasoɔ kɛse wɔ saa drones no so enti wɔde tumi a ɛyɛ den anaa interceptors na wɔde di wɔn ho dwuma mexc.com. Saa bere no ara, drones pii a ɛwɔ mpɔtam no so fii de AI a ɛma wɔn tumi yɛ adwuma wɔn ho ara. Drones a wɔtumi di kwan a wɔahyɛ wɔn dada anaa tumi hu atarget wɔn ho ara no, tumi to so yɛ adwuma sɛ wɔde jamming bɛto wɔn so mpo. Sɛ nhwɛsoɔ, Russia Lancet strike drones no boaboa onboard processors a ɛyɛ den ho, enti sɛ GPS no yera a, wɔtumi de wɔn ani hunu target no. Ukraine nso yɛɛ adwuma wɔ AI ho maa wɔn long-range strike drones no, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a “fire-and-forget” bɛyɛ yie wɔ baabi a GPS nni hɔ mexc.com. Saa nsakrae yi kyerɛ sɛ electronic warfare nko ara renyɛ adwuma – enti na wɔsan kɔ kinetic anaa directed-energy adwuma so de di saa “un-jammable” drones no ho dwuma.
- Sɔ Lasers ne Directed Energy so: Ɛheti a ɛda so wɔ afe 2025 mfiase no ne sɛ Ukraine de Tryzub laser akode no sii dwumadi mu defensenews.com defensenews.com. Ɛwom sɛ nsɛm pii nni ho, nanso adwene a ɛka ho sɛ wɔde laser dii dwuma de bubu drones no yɛ ade kɛse. Ɛkyerɛ sɛ high-energy laser teknɔlɔgyi no abɛyɛ den ma wɔbɛtumi de asi akyirikyiri so wɔ asraafo akyirikyiri. Ɛno akyi, afe 2025 mu no, yɛhunuu aman foforo (South Korea, Japan) nso a wɔda wɔn ankasa anti-drone lasers a wɔde rehyɛ dwuma no adi defensenews.com defensenews.com. Russia nso kae sɛ wɔasɔ wɔn Zadira laser no ahwɛ wɔ Ukraine afe 2022 mu (wɔkae sɛ ɛtumi kɔ 5 km) na wɔda so ara reyɛ R&D a ɛkyerɛ sɛ directed-energy defenses betumi agye din kɛse wɔ mfe a ɛreba mu defensenews.com. Lasers de “Holy Grail” no brɛ, efisɛ ammo bɛyɛ dodo (ɛyɛ power consumption nkutoo) na ne ntɛm yɛ speed-of-light, nanso ɛda so wɔ nsakrae sɛ wim, kwan a ɛda ho, ne power/cooling ho hia. Nanso, Ukraine ka sɛ wɔde anti-Shahed lasers rehyɛ wɔn akode a wɔreyɛ no mu defensenews.com, na Britain de DragonFire laser a ɛreba no ne afoforo betumi abɛma Ukraine daakye sɛ ɛbɛyɛ den defensenews.com. Afe 2024 awieeɛ no, UK asɔ 15kW laser bi ahwɛ a ɛbubuu bɔne nyinaa wɔ nsɔhwɛ mu nextgendefense.com, na ɛkyerɛ nea ɛbɛba daakye ama Ukraine nnamfo.
- NATO ho neɛ ne Ntoasoɔ: 2024 mu no, Ukraine ne NATO yɛɛ adwuma mpɔn so wɔ counter-drone nhyehyɛe ho (sɛnea ɛda ho adi no, NATO nhyehyɛe a ɛkɔsoɔ wɔ September 2024 mu) reuters.com. Eyi boaa Ukraine, na ɛmaa NATO nso sii sika gu counter-drone teknɔlɔgyi mu. Yɛbɛtumi ahwɛ kwan so sɛ ɛbɛma systems foforɔ te sɛ Skyranger, anaa advanced electronic decoys, de bɛma Ukraine daakye. Saa ara nso na Ukraine nsa so nimdeɛ rekyerɛ NATO asraafo nhyehyɛe – sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no, U.S. Pentagon yɛɛ ne “Top Drone” sukuu a edi kan wɔ 2025, kyerɛkyerɛɛ adwumayɛfoɔ wɔ sukuu bi a wɔde bɔɔ ho pɛpɛɛpɛ de bɛboa counter-drone nimdeɛ defensenews.com. Adwene ne nimdeɛ a wɔkyekyɛ no kyerɛ sɛ Ukraine ayɛ sɛ atesɛm a ɛkyerɛkyerɛ a wɔde refa Western asraafo mu (na ɛsan kɔ Ukraine so ntɛm so, wɔ teknɔlɔgyi foforɔ so).
- Rɔsia Agyapadeɛ Ho Ban a Wɔde Rehyɛ Mfinimfini: Bere a Ukraine drone bɔɔ Rɔsia mu mpɛn pii wɔ 2023–2025 (ka ho sɛ wɔn a wɔbɔɔ airbase, naval ships, ne Kremlin ho a wɔde drone ketewa yɛɛ no), Rɔsia hiaa sɛ ɔbɛhyɛ ne man mu counter-drone ban den. Yɛhunuu nneɛma te sɛ Pantsir systems a wɔde guu Moscow dan atifi, electronic warfare trucks a wɔde sii kurow no ho, ne counter-drone teknɔlɔgyi a wɔsɔɔ no hwɛ wɔ public economictimes.indiatimes.com economictimes.indiatimes.com. 2025 mfinimfini no, Rɔsia media kasa kɛse fa drone ho ɔhaw a ɛda wɔn man so ne anti-drone asraafo foforɔ a wɔda no adi. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ Rɔsia betumi de ne teknɔlɔgyi foforɔ bi akɔto fie ban so, na ɛbɛtumi ama nea ɛda hɔ atia Ukraine drone wɔ asraafo anim so atɔ so. Saa ara na Ukraine drone a ɛtumi kɔ akyirikyiri (de systems te sɛ modified Soviet Tu-141 “Strizh” anaa wɔn ara na wɔyɛɛ long-range UAVs) no, ɛrekyekyere Rɔsia, ma wɔbɛhwehwɛ ban a ɛte sɛ nea wɔde too Ukraine so no. Wɔkae sɛ Rɔsia de anti-drone traps guu kwan a ɛkɔ Moscow so (te sɛ signal emitters a ɛbɛbɔ guidance no daadaa, physical ban a wɔde guu kwan a drone betumi afa so, ne nneɛma foforɔ), kyerɛ sɛ wɔde ho bɔ wɔn ho ban paa.
- Ntɔn ne Adwumayɛ Mmerebɔ: Aman mmienu no de drone ne counter-drone adwumayɛ ayɛ ɔman mu ahyɛase kɛse. Ukraine ayɛ R&D ne tɔ ade mmara no mmerɛw de ma ɛho nkɔso ntɛm – mfe 2024 mu mmienu a edi kan no, aban no agye akodeɛ foforɔ 600 a wɔyɛɛ wɔ ɔman no mu (bebree yɛ drone ho) ato mu defensenews.com defensenews.com. Saa ntɛm yi a ɛnsɛ da no ama nneɛma te sɛ Horoshok ammo afi adwene so akɔ akɔko mu wɔ nna kakra mu. Russia nso de, wogye amanaman adwumayɛ ne nkurɔfo adwumayɛ (ne sɛ wobetumi anya akyɛde fi abɔnten) de bɔ mmɔden ma adwumayɛ no so. Counter-drone ho, adwumayɛ te sɛ Kalashnikov Concern (a ɔyɛ gun ne Lancet drone no) betumi de, seesei wɔreyɛ handheld jammer ne interceptor sɛ ade a ɛda wɔn krataa so. UK nso de, wɔn nsɛm foforɔ a wɔkae sɛ wobɛyɛ drone a Ukraine yɛe no wɔ Britain ma Ukraine de di dwuma (wɔdaa ho adi wɔ DSEI 2025) breakingdefense.com breakingdefense.com yɛ nsakrae kɛse – ɛkyerɛ sɛ amanaman a wɔboa Ukraine pɛ sɛ wɔyɛ adwumayɛ no bom de ma ɛkɔ so ntɛm.
- Sɔhwɛ Wɔ Asraa Nhyiamu So: Ɛrekɔdu afe 2025 awieeɛ no, dɛn na Ukraine mu atamfo-dron nhyiamu no akɔ so? Ukraine mpanyimfo taa ka sɛ wɔtumi bɔ inbound drone no pii gu fam. Sɛ nhwɛso no, bere a atamfo bɔ mmoroso no, Ukraine air defense no taa tumi kyere Shahed ne UAV ahorow no mu dodow no ara – bere biara 70–80%+, ɛnam sɛ wɔde fighter, SAM, gun, ne EW bɔ mu english.nv.ua english.nv.ua. Nanso, sɛ 20% pɛ na ɛtumi fa mu a, ɛtumi de ɔhaw ne owu ba (sɛnea ɛda so ara reba infrastructure so no). Russia deɛ, ɛnyɛ pefee sɛ wɔn tumi tia Ukraine drone no, nanso nsɛm a nkurɔfo ka kyerɛ sɛ Ukraine drone pii tumi fa Russia nkyɛn kɔbɔ wɔn artillery anaa depot, efisɛ Ukraine drone bɔfo video da so reba. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ Russia atamfo-dron ho nhyehyɛe no, ɛyɛ den deɛ, nanso ɛnyɛ nea obi ntumi mfa ho – ɛbɛyɛ sɛ Ukraine asraafo asesa wɔn ho, wɔde drone pii baako pɛ, wɔde fam fam, na wɔhwehwɛ baabi a atamfo no ho yɛ mmerɛw. Ntoasoɔ nsakrae a ɛda so ara rekɔ so – drone ne atamfo-dron – kyerɛ sɛ nea ɔwɔ nkɔsoɔ no, ɛyɛ bere tiaa pɛ. Atamfo-dron ho kwan foforɔ bi betumi ayɛ dɛ koraa kosi sɛ atamfo no hunu kwan bi a ɔde betumi atia no. Enti, mpɔtam no nyinaa, wɔn nyinaa redi nsakrae wɔ bere koro mu. Sɛ Ukraine tech mpanyimfo bi ka no, “Ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ ntɛm… Afe kakra bi akyi no, ɛyɛ ade a atwam” reuters.com – nsɛm a ɛkyerɛ ntɛm a drone ne atamfo-dron ho nkɔsoɔ no rekɔ so wɔ Ukraine asraa nhyiamu so.
Nwieeɛ: Ko Foforɔ Wɔ Asraa Nhyiamu So
Ko a ɛrekɔ so wɔ drone ne atamfo-dron ho wɔ Ukraine ama yɛahu asraa ho nkɔsoɔ foforɔ. Nea ɛfiri sɛ wɔde adwene bɔɔ ho sɛ wɔbɛtumi atia quadcopter a wɔtɔ fi daakye no, afei deɛ, ɛayɛ atamfo-dron ho nhyehyɛe a ɛwɔ mpɔtam bebree, a ɛde ade a ɛfiri mpaboa a wɔde bɔɔ ho mfe ɔha a atwam kɔ AI a ɛkyerɛ drone a ɛtumi kyere atamfo ne laser beam ho. Ukraine ne Russia nyinaa ada adwene – wɔde nyansahu ne adwumayɛ bɔ mu wɔ asraa nhyiamu so.
Ma Ukraine de, sɛ wɔbɛtumi atwitwa drone no so no, abɛyɛ asɛm a ɛfa ɔman no nkwa ho, na ɛno nti, wɔde nsusuwii foforo ne amanaman ntɔso abɛto mu. Ɔman no “drone wall” adwene – ɛyɛ akyirikyiri a wɔde electronic warfare, interceptors, ne gun-missile system ahyia – abɛyɛ Europe deɛ edi kan a ɛda so reboaboa ho ano wɔ saa ɔko bɔne yi mu atlanticcouncil.org nextgendefense.com. Sɛ ɛyɛ yie a, ɛbɛkyerɛ amanaman nyinaa kwan a wɔbɛfa so bɛbɔ wɔn nsoromma ho ban fi drone a ɛyɛ dɛ na ɛdɔɔso no ho. Ma Russia de, ɔko no akyerɛ wɔn sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔbɔ wɔn asraafo ne kurow so ban fi ɔhaw a ɛtumi twa atade a wɔde bɔ nsoromma ho ban no ho. Sika a wɔde gu autonomous jammer ne drone-killer so no kyerɛ sɛ wɔate ase sɛ ɔko a ɛreba no bɛhia sɛ asraafo biara benya biribi a ɛbɛbɔ drone ho ban.
Ɔko no nni awiei koraa. Bere a yɛwɔ mu yi, 2025, drone ne nea wɔde twa drone so no, wɔn tumi da nsakrae mu daa – ɛyɛ “Red Queen” ntɛm a ɛsɛ sɛ obiara tu ntɛm de gyina baabi pɛ. Sɛ yɛhwɛ anim a, yebetumi ahu autonomy, electronic tumi, na ebia directed-energy bɛka ho. Swarm ne swarm bɛko, baabi a interceptor bebree bɛko atia drone bebree, bɛyɛ ade a ɛbɛyɛ daadaa. Nnipa baanu no nso bɛsɛe wɔn ho adwene wɔ sika so: sɛnea wɔbɛyɛ a nea ɔbɔ ban no renhyɛ ne ho so ntɛm a ɔrepopa drone a ne bo yɛ ketewa. Saa ara na Ukraine ko no kyerɛkyerɛ wiase nyinaa sɛ sɛ wopɛ air defense a ɛyɛ yie a, ɛsɛ sɛ wode tumi a ɛda hɔ dada ne cyber-electronic tumi ne nsusuwii a ɛnyɛ sika pii bɔ mu.
Asraafo a wɔhwɛ ɔko so no ka sɛ, ɔko mu no, nea ɔto ne nea ɔbɔ ban no bɔ agoru a ɛda so repae. Wɔ Ukraine drone ko no mu, yɛrehu saa agoru yi nkɔ anim wɔ asase so ne kurow mu, baabi a nsusuwii biara a obi de ba no, ɔfoforo de ne de bɛto so ntɛm wɔ ɔko a ɛyɛ yaw mu. Ɛkyerɛ pefee sɛ ɔko a ɛwɔ afeha a ɛto so 21 mu no, ɛyɛ silicon ne algorithm ho ade sen dade ne gunpowder. Ma nkurɔfo a, sɛ wɔhwɛ drone a ɛretu ne asraafo a wɔde radio-gun redi dwuma no, ɛbɛyɛ sɛ ade a ɛwɔ science fiction mu – nanso ma wɔn a wɔwɔ asase so no, ɛyɛ wɔn da biara nkwa ho asɛm.
Ewiei no, ɔko a wɔde drone reko wɔ Ukraine no akyerɛ ade koro pe: anti-drone system no, ɛnyɛ biribi a wubetumi agya ho wɔ ɔko mu – ɛyɛ ade a ɛho hia paa. Asraafo a wɔwɔ wiase nyinaa rehwɛ Ukraine ne Russia nsɛm no yiye, na wɔretwɛn sɛ wɔbɛnya saa tumi no. Wɔ ɔko a ɛyɛ yaw yi mu, Ukraine ne Russia rekyerɛkyerɛ wiase sɛnea wɔbɛtumi atwitwa drone so. Na sɛ wɔde “drone hunter” ne tumi a ɛyɛ den reko atia wɔn ho no, nea ɛbɛba no betumi akyerɛ ɔko yi kwan ne air defense a ɛbɛba daakye.
Nsɛm Foforɔ: Ukraine ne Russia aban mpanyimfo nsɛm a wɔkae; asraafo akyirikyiri amanneɛbɔ; asraafo adwenefo nsusui a ɛwɔ Forbes, Defense News, Reuters, Atlantic Council ne afoforo english.nv.ua mexc.com nextgendefense.com newsweek.com defensenews.com defensenews.com. Eyinom kyerɛ anti-drone nsɛnnennen a wɔde di dwuma, wɔn tumi, ne sɛnea wɔn ho bɔ yɛ nsakrae wɔ Ukraine ko no mu.
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