- Drones ayɛ Game-Changers: Dɛɛdɛɛdɛ, akodeɛ a wɔde yɛɛ drones a ɛyɛ mmerɛ ne boɔ yɛ dɔɔso no abɛda akyirikyiri akyirikyiri wɔ Ukraine ne Middle East, ama akodifoɔ ahyɛ ase ayɛ ntɛm de rekyerɛw ho banbɔ. U.S. sohwɛfoɔ ka sɛ akɛseɛ biara nni hɔ sɛ drones ketewa no, ɛno na ɛyɛ “the greatest threat to American troops … since the IED” military.com military.com, efisɛ drones a wɔn boɔ yɛ dɔɔso no betumi atumi atɔre akodifoɔ a wɔwɔ tumi ne akodeɛ a wɔn boɔ yɛ tenten.
- Banbɔ a wɔde bɔ ho mpɔtam-pɔtam: Akodifoɔ titiriw de mpɔtam-pɔtam anti-drone banbɔ reba a wɔde radar/aniwa hunu ne banbɔ a ɛwɔ tumi ahorow bɔ mu. Sɛ nhwɛsoɔ, U.S. FS-LIDS banbɔ no de radar a ɛkyerɛ nsɛm ntɛm, anigyeɛ kamera a ɛdi akyi, jammers a ɛbɔ drone ho ban, ne akodeɛ ketewa a ɛbɔ drone no mu defense-update.com. Banbɔ a wɔde nneɛma bebree bɔ mu no redi nkunim wɔ banbɔ a ɛyɛ baako so no so, efisɛ banbɔ baako nko ara ntumi nni drone bɔne biara so defense-update.com.
- Akodeɛ a wɔde bɔ ho vs. Electronic Warfare: Akodifoɔ de akodeɛ a wɔde bɔ ho – fi akodeɛ a ɛto ntɛm ne missiles a wɔkyerɛ kwan so kɔsi drones a wɔde bɔ ho – ne electronic warfare (EW) te sɛ jammers ne spoofers. Akodeɛ a wɔde bɔ ho te sɛ gun (sɛ Germany Skynex 35mm cannon) de bɔ drone ne drone bebree a wɔbɔ mu no mu newsweek.com, na ne boɔ yɛ fam sen missile. EW de radio tumi a ɛyɛ den bɔ drone ho ban anaa GPS, ma drone no bubu anaa san kɔ fie c4isrnet.com c4isrnet.com. Biara wɔ ne mfasoɔ ne ne haw: missile ne gun betumi abɔ drone no pɔtee nanso wɔn boɔ yɛ tenten anaa ɛbɛma nsɛnnennen aba, na jammer deɛ ne boɔ yɛ fam na ɛyɛ mmerɛ de nanso ɛntumi nni drones a wɔyɛ pɔtee a wɔde ho nhyehyɛe so no so c4isrnet.com defenseone.com.
- Mfurumfuruwura a wɔde mframa yɛ adwuma reba: Laser ne mframa a wɔde yɛ akode reba adwuma sɛ “akode a ɛyɛ dɛ na ɛnyɛ sika pii” de bɔ drone. Ɛberɛ a ɛto so awotwe wɔ afe 2024 mu, Israel bɛyɛɛ aman a edi kan a wɔde laser a ne tumi yɛ den de bɔɔ akode wɔ ɔko mu, na wɔde “Iron Beam” a ɛyɛ prototype no bubuui Hezbollah drone bebree timesofisrael.com timesofisrael.com. U.S. Army nso de laser akode a ne tumi yɛ 20–50 kW akɔ Middle East a “wɔde bubu atamfo drone a ɛreba fi soro,” na ɛma wɔn ammo a ɛnni baabi kɔ na ɛyɛ sika kakra pɛ biara military.com military.com. Britain nso rehwɛ akode a ɛyɛ foforo a wɔde radio-frequency mframa yɛ a ɛtumi ma drone bebree gyina hɔ a ɛyɛ £0.10 biara, na ɛkyerɛ sɛ daakye bɛba a akode bɛyɛ dɛ paa defense-update.com defense-update.com.
- Abɔdeɛ a ɛda ho ne Asetena a ɛkɔ so: Amanaman mu – Amerika, China, Russia, Israel, European NATO membere, ne afoforo – nyinaa retwɛn ho sɛ wobɛda Counter-UAS (C-UAS) a ɛyɛ den no adi. Russia mpo de China “Silent Hunter” laser (a ɛyɛ 30–100 kW fiber laser) rehyew Ukrainefoɔ drone ahorow wɔ ~1 km akyirikyiri wesodonnell.medium.com wesodonnell.medium.com. Saa bere yi, Amerika asraafoɔ mpanyimfoɔ ka sɛ ehia sɛ wɔnya “low-collateral” drone ho banbɔ a ɛbɛyɛ den na ɛbɛyɛ dɛ wɔde bɛyɛ adwuma fie ne abɔnten so defenseone.com defenseone.com. Sika a wɔde redi dwuma a ɛboro $ billion – fi Qatar $1 billion a wɔde tɔɔ Amerika FS-LIDS batiri defense-update.com kɔsi anti-drone gun, akɔtɔdeɛ, ne laser a wɔde kɔma Ukraine ntɛm – kyerɛ sɛ drone ho banbɔ tekyerɛma abɛyɛ asraafoɔ deɛ ɛdi kan.
Mpanimfoɔ
Dron ahorow a obi nni mu – fi ketewa quadcopter kɔsi baako pɛ “kamikaze” drone – abɛyɛ ade a ɛda hɔ wɔ ɔko mu nnɛ. Drone no ada ho adi sɛ ɛyɛ den paa wɔ adwene so ne sɛ ɛbɛhunu baabi a atamfoɔ wɔ na ɛbɛbɔ wɔn a wɔwɔ hɔ no. Eyi nti, sɛ wɔbɛgyae saa “aniwa a ɛwɔ soro” ne bomb a ɛtumi tu no ama ɔko foforɔ a ɛfa asraafoɔ deɛ anti-drone tekyerɛma ho. Aman kɛse ne asraafoɔ dwumadiefoɔ de wɔn ho ne wɔn sika nyinaa rehyɛ counter-drone (C-UAS) tekyerɛma mu a ɛfa anti-aircraft gun a wɔahyɛ den, micro-missile a wɔde di dwuma, electromagnetic jammer, ne directed-energy akodeɛ ho. Ne botaeɛ ne sɛ: hunu na gyae atamfoɔ drone ansa na wɔbɛtumi abɔ tank, asraafoɔ dan, anaa kurow – na ɛnyɛ sika boro so anaa ɛde asraafoɔ bɛhyɛ ɔhaw mu. Saa krataa yi bɛhwɛ anti-drone tekyerɛma a asraafoɔ de di dwuma anaa wɔreyɛ adwuma wɔ wiase nyinaa mu, bɛtoto wɔn tekyerɛma, sɛnea wɔde di dwuma, ne sɛnea ɛyɛ adwuma ampa. Yɛbɛhwɛ kinetic interceptor ne electronic warfare, laser ne high-power microwave a ɛreba, ne sɛnea ɔko a ɛkɔ so (Ukraine, Syria, Gulf wars) asesa nea ɛyɛ adwuma ne nea ɛnyɛ adwuma wɔ front no so. Asraafoɔ mpanyimfoɔ ne adwenefoɔ bɛma adwene pa wɔ saa tekyerɛma yi ho – ne mmerɛ, ne mmerɛwyɛ, ne ne daakye – bere a drone a ɛnyɛ sika kɛse no tumi hyɛ asraafoɔ a wɔyɛ den paa so. Kyerɛ sɛ, mo aba berɛ foforɔ a drone ne anti-drone reko mu, baabi a nea obi yɛ no, obi foforɔ bɛyɛ nea ɛbɛtumi agyina so ntɛm defense-update.com.
Ɔhaw a ɛreboro so a ɛfiri Drones ho
Nkɛntɛnketɛ drones asesa ɔko a ɛkɔ so nnɛ koraa. Mpɛn pii, wɔn a wɔyɛ insurgents ne akodɔm ketewa betumi atɔ UAV a wɔayɛ dada anaa a wɔayɛ wɔn ankasa a “bɛtumi asɛe tank a ɛyɛ mpɔtam-million, air defenses, helicopters ne aircraft” a ɛyɛ mmerɛw kɛse so c4isrnet.com. Wɔ Ukraine, Russiafo de Iranian Shahed-136 kamikaze drones ne Zala Lancet loitering munitions a ɛba bebree atutu armored vehicles ne artillery c4isrnet.com. Akodɔm bɔne te sɛ ISIS ne Hezbollah de grenades anaa explosives ahyehyɛ quadcopters a ɛyɛ kwa, ama wɔayɛ wɔn sɛ mini dive-bombers. US general panyin bi kae sɛ drones a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu ne ɔko no kɛse nti “fie man no nni baabi a ɛyɛ dwoodwoo bio” – sɛ ɔtamfo pɛ sɛ ɔde drones yɛ nhwehwɛmu anaa ɔko a, yɛn mmarima ne kurow bɛyɛ den ama wɔn sɛ wɔbɛtumi agyina ano defenseone.com. Ampa ara, bere tiaa a Israel–Hamas–Hezbollah ko no fii ase wɔ afe 2023 awieeɛ no, Hezbollah de drones a ɛboro 300 a wɔde explosives hyɛɛ Israel so timesofisrael.com, maa wɔn defense no yɛɛ dinn na ɛmaa nkurɔfo wui, ɛwom sɛ Israel wɔ Iron Dome missile batteries a ɛyɛ den.
Adɛn nti na ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛbɔ drones ho ban? Ɛdi kan no, wɔn ketewa ne sɛnea wɔtumi tu fam, tu brɛoo no ma ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhu wɔn. Radar a wɔde di dwuma dada no mpɛn pii no, ɛyɛ den ma no sɛ ɔbɛhu quadcopter bi a ɛretu dua so anaa ɔbɛtumi ahu drone bi a ɛda ho adi sɛ ɛyɛ anomaa anaa biribi a ɛda hɔ a ɛnyɛ drone pɛ defenseone.com. Kamera a ɛtumi hu ade tumi di drone akyi da a hann wɔ hɔ, nanso ɛntumi nyɛ saa anadwo, sukyerɛmma, anaa kurow mu defenseone.com. Sensor a ɛtumi te asɛm tumi te drone motor nne, nanso ɛyɛ den ma no sɛ ɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ mu yie wɔ nneɛma a ɛreba ho defenseone.com. Na sɛ drone no yɛ nea wɔahyɛ no kwan sɛ ɔntumi nnya radio control (autonomous mode), ɛnde ɛrennya signal biara a RF detector betumi agye c4isrnet.com defenseone.com. Ɛto so abien, drones no sesa ɔko ho sika a wɔde gu so. Drone a wopɛ a wode $1,000 bɛyɛ anaa Iranian kamikaze a ne bo yɛ $20,000 betumi ama sɛ wobɛto hɔ missile a ne bo yɛ $100,000 de bɛpam no – ɛnyɛ biribi a ɛbɛkɔ so akɔ akyirikyiri. Military analyst Uzi Rubin kyerɛ sɛ drone swarms a ɛyɛ kɛse betumi atumi ama sika a wɔde bɔ ban no ayɛ kwa; “swarming yɛ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ den paa a wɔde bɔ baabi a wɔpɛ so”, wɔde dodow ne bere koro mu bɔ ho dwuma de bɛfa mmɔdenbɔ mu newsweek.com. Wɔ asɛm bi a nkurɔfo de too anim no, Yemeni Houthi rebels de drones a ɛnyɛ sika so (ne cruise missiles) bɔɔ Saudi oil facilities wɔ 2019, na ɛde bɔne a ɛboro billion baako bae na ɛtumi twaa ban a wɔde bɔ hɔ dada no ho. Nsɛm te saa maa amanaman mu bɔɔ dawuru: asraafo huu sɛ wɔhia anti-drone ban a ɛyɛ mmerɛ ne nyansa wom – ntɛm ara.
Anti-Drone Technologies Ho Nsɛntitiriw
Sɛ wɔpɛ sɛ wɔto so gyinae ma drone ho ɔhaw a ɛda hɔ no, asraafo ayɛ adwuma de C-UAS technologies ahorow abɔ mu. Kɛse no, yehu sɛ ɛda mu mmerɛw mu: kinetic interceptors a wɔde bubu drone (de bɔta, missile, anaa drone foforo), electronic warfare a wɔde bɔ drone control ho abɔne, anaa wɔde gye drone no, directed-energy weapons a wɔde laser anaa microwave bɔ drone ho mmɔden, ne hybrid systems a wɔde nneɛma bebree bɔ mu. Biara wɔ ne ho dwumadi, ne tumi, ne mfomso:
Kinetic Interceptors (Missile, Gun, ne Interceptor Drone)
Kinetic approaches attempt to shoot down or crash drones by force. The most obvious method is using missiles or bullets – essentially treating drones as just another aerial target, albeit a small and elusive one. Many current anti-drone defenses are adapted from short-range air defense (SHORAD) systems or even older anti-aircraft guns: for example, Russia’s Pantsir-S1 air defense vehicle (originally designed to hit jets and cruise missiles) has proven adept at blasting drones with its 30 mm cannons and guided missiles newsweek.com. However, firing a $70,000 Pantsir missile at a $5,000 drone is not exactly cost-effective. This has driven renewed interest in gun-based solutions using autocannons with smart ammunition.
One standout is Germany’s Oerlikon Skynex system, which Ukraine began deploying in 2023 to counter Iranian Shahed drones newsweek.com newsweek.com. Skynex uses twin 35 mm automatic cannons with Advanced Hit Efficiency and Destruction (AHEAD) airburst shells – each round releases a cloud of tungsten sub-projectiles that can shred a drone or warhead mid-air newsweek.com. Rheinmetall (Skynex’s developer) notes this ammo is “considerably cheaper than comparable guided missiles” and immune to jamming or decoys once fired newsweek.com. Even swarming drones can be engaged by the flak bursts. Ukrainian operators have praised the German-supplied Gepard 35 mm flak tanks in a similar role, which have “long been used… and lauded for [their] performance” against drones newsweek.com newsweek.com. The downside of gun systems is limited range (a few kilometers) and potential stray rounds falling to earth – a serious issue if defending urban areas or critical infrastructure. Still, networked gun platforms like Skynex (which can cue multiple guns via radar) offer a high-volume, low-cost antidote to drone swarms.
Missile-based interceptors nso da so ho hia, titiriw no, ma drones a wɔnam soro anaa wɔn a wɔtu ntɛm a agyan no ntumi mmɔ wɔn no. Standard MANPADS (man-portable air-defense) te sɛ Stinger anaa Igla betumi abɔ drones, nanso ɛsan yɛ den sika so wɔ drone biara a wɔbɔ no. Eyi ama wɔayɛ ketewa anti-drone missiles a wɔde bɔ drones. U.S. ayɛ Coyote Block 2, ketewa jet a ɛyɛ interceptor drone a ɛhwehwɛ na ɛbɔ bɔnefo drone ho na ɛpae – ɛyɛ “missile drone” pɛpɛɛpɛ. Wɔreboah Coyote interceptors ahan na wɔde bɛma FS-LIDS systems, na wɔakɔ so adi dwuma pa wɔ nsɔhwɛ mu defense-update.com defense-update.com. Ɛkwan foforo nso ne sɛ wɔde drones de kunkum drones. Russia ne Ukraine nyinaa de agile quadcopters a wɔde net anaa explosives ahyɛ so reko kyere na wɔbɔ bɔnefo UAVs wɔ wim rferl.org. Saa interceptor drones yi tumi yɛ mmerɛ ne sɛ wɔde bɔ missile ho, na ɛtumi san yɛ reusable. Wɔka sɛ Ukraine mpo sii “Drone Hunter” system wɔ Kyiv a UAVs a wɔde net kɔkyere Russian drones youtube.com rferl.org. Ɛwom sɛ ɛda ho adanse pa, nanso drone ne drone ko hia ntɛm a ɛyɛ automatic anaa pilofo a wɔnim adwuma, na ɛtumi yɛ den sɛ bɔnefo drones no dodo sen wɔn a wɔbɔ ho ban.
Afei, sɛ ɛba point defense a ɛbɛn hɔ paa no, kinetic akwan bi wɔ hɔ. Eyinom kɔfa net guns (net a wɔto fi abɔnten anaa drone so a ɛkyere propeller) ne prey mmɔfra a wɔakyerɛ wɔn sɛ wɔnkye drones (Dutch police de eagles suaa sɛ wɔnkye drones fi wim). Saa kwan yi, asraafo mmɔ ho dodo, nanso ɛkyerɛ kinetic akwan a ɛwɔ hɔ. Kɛse no, asraafo a wɔwɔ front no pɛ akwan a ɛbɛtumi ama wɔatumi atwa drones ho ahyia ansana wɔbɛba wɔn so pɛpɛɛpɛ. Eyi nti, agyan a ɛtumi to ntɛm ne missiles ketewa – a radar betumi de ahyɛ wɔn so ama wɔatumi atargeti ho automatic – na ɛyɛ kinetic C-UAS systems a wɔde bɔ bases ne brigades ho ban no titiriw.
Electronic Warfare (Jamming and Spoofing)
Elektronika ko agodieɛ no botae ne sɛ wɔbɛtumi adi drones so nkonim a, wɔremfa bɔta biara nto ho, na mmom wɔde bɛbɔ drone no control links anaa navigation ho. Drones ketewa pii de radio-frequency (RF) nsɛnkanee na ɛyɛ adwuma – ɛbɛyɛ remote control data link anaa GPS satellite nsɛnkanee (anaa ne nyinaa). Jamming yɛ sɛ wɔde tumi dɔɔso de bɔ nsɛnkanee no so, na ɛma drone no nte asɛm biara. Eyi betumi atwa ɔtamfo pilot ne ne drone ntam, anaa ama drone no GPS receiver antumi nkyerɛ kwan. Portable “drone jammer” gun ahyɛ akyirikyiri so; Ukraine, sɛ nhwɛso, anya Lithuaniafoɔ ayɛ Skywiper EDM4S jammer rifles apem, a ne bo yɛ ~6.5 kg na ɛtumi ma drone no nnya adwuma ~3–5 km akyirikyiri so, de bɔ wɔn control ne GPS nsɛnkanee so c4isrnet.com c4isrnet.com. Ɛho asɛm a ɛda so ne sɛ drone no bɛtumi atwa nsɛnkanee no na ɛbɛtɔ fam anaa ɛbɛsan akɔ baabi a wɔde firii. Sɛ amanneɛbɔ baako kyerɛ no, directed RF jammer betumi “atwa drone no video feed no, na… ama ɛsan akɔ baabi a wɔde firii, atɔ fam ntɛm, anaa atwɛn na ɛbɛtɔ fam” rferl.org rferl.org.
Jamming units wɔ ho bebree – efi akodeɛ a ɛte sɛ gun a wotumi de bɔ jam kɔsi nkɔntabuo ne gyinabea EW (Electronic Warfare) system a wɔde tumi ne tenten kɛse. Russia asraafo, sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ truck so jamming machines (te sɛ Repellent-1 ne Shipovnik-Aero) a wɔka sɛ wotumi hyew drone no electronics anaa ne gyinabea fi akyirikyiri a ɛyɛ 2–5 km anaa kɛse. Russia asraafo nso ayɛ adwuma de yɛɛ nea wotumi soa: video foforo bi kyerɛɛ “soldier-worn” jammer pack a asraafo betumi de so akɔ, na ɛbɔ ho ban a ɛkɔ so, bɔ drone video feed ho jam pɛpɛɛpɛ forbes.com. Wɔ NATO mu, U.S. Marine Corps yɛɛ kan de Light-Mobile Air Defense Integrated System (L-MADIS) – ɛyɛ jammer a wɔde gu Jeep so – a wɔde bɔɔ Iranian drone bi gu fam fi amphibious ship so wɔ 2019 mu defenseone.com defenseone.com. Electronic defeat measures wɔ mfaso kɛse sɛ low collateral damage – ɛnyɛ biribi a ɛbɔ adeɛ so, enti wotumi de di dwuma wɔ nkuro anaa beae a ɛho hia a ɛnni nsuo a ɛbɔ. Eyi ho hia paa sɛ asraafo pɛ drone ho banbɔ a “minimize risk to friendly forces, civilians, and infrastructure”, sɛ ɛyɛ fie anaa asraafo akyirikyiri a nnipa dɔɔso wɔ hɔ defenseone.com defenseone.com.Nanso, EW nyɛ aduro a ɛbɛtumi agye biribiara ho. Nea ɛda ho adi ne sɛ jamming yɛ line-of-sight na ɛwɔ akyirikyiri ho ahotoso – jammer no ɛsɛ sɛ ɛbɛn drone no na ɛda ne kwan so c4isrnet.com. Drones a wɔde wɔn ho akɔtɔ behind buildings anaa asase so betumi aguan jamming beam no ho. Atamfo a wɔyɛ nyansafo nso reyɛ drones no den: drones foforo pii tumi tu kwan a wɔahyɛ no dada so wɔ autopilot, na wɔde inertial navigation di dwuma sɛ GPS no yera, enti GPS jamming a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no renyɛ adwuma c4isrnet.com. Drone radio links bi betumi asesa frequency ho anaa asesa akɔ backup control mode so sɛ interference bi ba. Na military drones a wɔyɛ den paa betumi de encryption ne anti-jam antennas di dwuma (nanso drones a atamfo a wɔyɛ insurgent de no, ɛnyɛ saa kɛse). Enti, sɛnea jammers abɛyɛ ubiquitous te sɛ Ukraine front lines no, ɛnyɛ bere biara na wɔbɛtumi agyae drone biara. EW deɛ, ɛyɛ papa sɛ wɔde bɔ ho ban concert ne ban foforo ho – sɛ nhwɛso, jam swarm no na wosɛe wɔn coordination na wama wɔn ho atɔ wɔn so, na gun systems no de, wɔbɛtumi atwa wɔn. Nanso, sɛ yɛhwɛ sɛ ɛyɛ dɛ na ɛnyɛ den sɛ wode bɛyɛ adwuma (ɛte sɛ “point and shoot” devices), jammers yɛ akyɛde a ɛho hia paa ma asraafo a drones da wɔn so da biara. Sɛnea Ukrainian asraafo ka no, nea ɛfata ne sɛ jammer biara wɔ trench biara mu de bɔ incessant buzzing quadcopters a ɛwɔ soro no ho ban.
EW ho mfonini foforo ne spoofing – sɛ wokɔtɔ drone no GPS anaa wokɔma no nkontabuo a ɛnyɛ nokware de gye no so. Systems bi (a police dodoɔ na wɔde di dwuma) betumi akɔyɛ sɛ drone controller de ma drone no atɔ fam. Ebinom de, wɔbɔ GPS signals a ɛnyɛ nokware de ma drone no ho yɛ no dɛ sɛ ɔkɔ akyirikyiri. Spoofing yɛ den na ɛnyɛ dɛ wɔ battlefield so efisɛ ɛhwehwɛ nimdeɛ ne sɛnea ɛbɛtumi antumi. Nanso, sɛ drone threat no reyɛ den, military a wɔyɛ den no reyɛ adwuma cyber/EW a ɛbɛtumi de malware anaa data a ɛnyɛ nokware akɔ enemy UAV networks mu. Seesei deɛ, brute-force jamming na ɛda so yɛ electronic countermeasure a wɔde di dwuma wɔ battlefield so.
Directed Energy Weapons (Lasers & High-Power Microwaves)
Directed energy weapons (DEWs) yɛ anti-drone technology a ɛwɔ anim. Eyi kɔfa high-energy lasers (HEL) ho, a ɛde hann a ɛyɛ den bɔ drone no ma ɛhyew anaa ɛma drone no ani bu, ne high-power microwave (HPM) systems, a ɛde electromagnetic energy pulses bɔ drone electronics no ma ɛsɛe. Afe bebree a wɔde yɛɛ R&D akyi no, saa akodeɛ a ɛte sɛ science fiction yi rekyerɛ wɔn ho sɛ wɔtumi di dwuma ampa wɔ operations a wɔde di drones ho dwuma – ɛbɛtumi asesa air defense koraa de ultra-precise, “infinite ammo” interceptors aba.
Laser Air Defense: Lasers no di dwumadi no yɛ de hyew target no wɔ photon a wɔabɔ mu beam so. Sɛ ɛba sɛ wɔde reko tia nkumaa drones – a ɛtɔ da no, wɔn ho yɛ plastic, wɔn electronics da hɔ, anaa wɔn motors yɛ ketewa – a, laser a ne tumi yɛ den betumi ama drone no atɔ fam ntɛm ara, efisɛ ɛbɛhyew ne ho anaa ɛbɛma ne battery no bɔ. Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ, laser shot biara bo yɛ nea wode tumi kɔ so (sika kakra pɛ), enti ɛyɛ papa paa sɛ wobɛde atia drones a wɔn bo yɛ dɔɔso a ɛbɛma missile a wɔde bɔ no asa ntɛm. Wɔ afe 2023–2024 mu no, Israel dii aman foforo anim wɔ laser system a wɔfrɛ no Iron Beam a wɔde sii dwumadi mu. Wɔ ko a na ɛrekɔ so wɔ Hamas ne Hezbollah ho no, Israeli asraafo de laser defense units abien a wɔde sii truck so kɔɔ akyirikyiri a “wɔkyekyeree ‘dodow a ɛboro so’ [atamfo] threats, na bebree no yɛ UAVs”, sɛnea Israel R&D panyin, Brig. Gen. Danny Gold, kyerɛwee wɔ newsweek.com. Eyi yɛ bere a edi kan a wɔde high-power lasers de kɔko mu wɔ wiase, na Israeli mpanyimfo frɛɛ no “akɛse a ɛda ho adi” ne “nsakrae kɛse” a ɛba ho newsweek.com. Video a wɔde too hɔ akyiri no kyerɛ sɛ laser beam a wonhu no maa drone atamfo no baako no nkyɛn hyew, na ɛmaa UAV no totɔɔ fam newsweek.com. Israeli lasers a wɔde sii dwumadi no yɛ Iron Beam a ne tumi yɛ ketewa – na wɔyɛ ketewa na wɔn tumi nso yɛ ketewa, nanso wɔyɛ adwuma pa ara wɔ akyirikyiri a ɛnyɛ tenten newsweek.com. Rafael (ɛyɛ wɔn na wɔyɛ no) ka sɛ Iron Beam no ankasa bɛyɛ 100 kW-class system a betumi akyekyere rockets ne mortar shells ne drones. Sɛnea Yoav Turgeman, Rafael CEO no, kae no: “System yi bɛdan defense equation no koraa, efisɛ ɛbɛma interception no ayɛ ntɛm, pɛ, ne bo nso bɛyɛ kakra, na system biara nni hɔ a ɛte saa” newsweek.com. Ɛkyerɛ sɛ, Israel pɛ sɛ wɔde Iron Beam lasers ne Iron Dome missiles bɔ bom de bɔ mass drone anaa rocket attacks ho ban a ɛrenyɛ sika so den.
United States nso ayɛ denam so reyɛ laser C-UAS systems no ho nhwehwɛ ne adwuma. 2022 awieeɛ no, U.S. Army de 20 kW Palletized High Energy Laser (P-HEL) kɔde kɔto Middle East – ɛyɛ U.S. de laser dii dwuma kan wɔ air defense ho military.com military.com. 2024 mu no, Army no gye toom sɛ wɔwɔ HEL systems mmienu atɔ so a ɛreboaboa drone ne rocket bɔne ano wɔ U.S. bases ho military.com. Mpɛn pii, mpanyimfo no amka sɛ wɔde laser no atwa drone bi anaa, nanso Pentagon spokesmen kae sɛ directed-energy defenses no yɛ toolkit bi a ɛboa so wɔso sohwɛ a ɛba drone ne missile so wɔ Iraq ne Syria te sɛ military.com. Nhwehwɛmu video foforo bi kyerɛɛ sɛ laser operator de Xbox-style controller rekyerɛ beam director no, na ɔde rehyew target drones ne rockets a ɛwɔ mfinimfini kwan so military.com. Raytheon ne contractors foforo wɔ laser ahorow bebree a wɔde reyɛ adwuma: HELWS (High Energy Laser Weapon System), 10 kW class system a U.S. forces de ahyɛ adwuma na seesei wɔreyɛ adwuma ama British service nso breakingdefense.com breakingdefense.com, ne 50 kW DE M-SHORAD laser a ɛda Stryker vehicle so a Army fii ase de reyɛ adwuma 2023 mu military.com. Raytheon engineers de kyerɛ sɛ seesei portable na laser yi ayɛ: “Esiane ne size ne weight nti…ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobɛtumi de akɔ ba platform horow so,” Alex Rose-Parfitt a ɔwɔ Raytheon UK kae, kyerɛ sɛnea wɔsɔɔ laser no hwɛ wɔ armored truck so na ɛbɛtumi nso atena naval vessels so de atia drone bɔadeɛ bebree breakingdefense.com breakingdefense.com. Ɛyɛ nokware sɛ, laser no ho dɔ sen biara wɔ bere a wɔde bɔ mmobɔwee anaa bere a atamfo no reba pii so – sɛnea Raytheon ka no, wɔde “limitless magazine” bɔ drone ho ban breakingdefense.com. Sɛ tumi ne hyehyɛde no da so a, laser betumi atoto baako akyi baako a ammo remmɔ.Nanso, lasers wɔ limitations: wɔtumi nnya adwuma yie wɔ bɔkɔɔ mu (osuo, nsuo a ɛda fam, nsuo a ɛyɛ dɛdɛɛdɛ betumi atwa beam no mu) na ɛkɔ so yɛ line-of-sight, ɛho hia sɛ wopɛ sɛ wuhu target no pɛpɛɛpɛ. Wɔn tumi kɔ akyirikyiri no yɛ ketewa (laser a ɛwɔ 10–50 kW betumi atumi abu drone ketewa bi ase wɔ 1–3 km). Laser a ɛwɔ tumi kɛse no yɛ sika so de yɛ na ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛsi ne deploy no, ɛwom sɛ shot biara yɛ kwa. Esiane nsɛm yi nti, adwenefo hu lasers sɛ augmenting, na ɛnyɛ sɛ wobɛkyɛ traditional defenses nyinaa newsweek.com newsweek.com. David Hambling, a technology analyst, ka sɛ drones yɛ aduan pa ma lasers seesei – “ketewa, mpotɔ… woguan ho a, ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛ sɛ wode laser bɛda so akɔtɔ mu kɔpem sɛ ɛbɛhyew mu” newsweek.com – nanso, drones a ɛbɛba daakye betumi de reflective coatings, ntɛm ntɛm nantew, anaa nsɛmmisa foforo bɛka ho ama laser targeting ayɛ den newsweek.com newsweek.com. Cat-and-mouse agorɔ no bɛkɔ so.
Mikrowev a Ɔsom (HPM): Ɛyɛ ɔkwan foforo a wɔde tumi kyerɛ baabi pɛ so, na wɔde mikrowev ahoɔden bɔ drone no so de bɔ drone no electronics ho pɔw. Ɛnyɛ sɛ ɛyɛ pinpoint burn, HPM no de electromagnetic ahoɔden bɔ baabi te sɛ radio transmitter a wɔahyɛ no tumi, na ɛbɛtumi ama current ne voltage atim drone no mu, ama ne chips atɔ fam anaa ama ne sensors adwene abɔ. HPM akode no wɔ baabi tumi so mfaso – pulse baako pɛ betumi atumi ama drones bebree a wɔwɔ formation anaa “swarm” mu atɔ fam, sɛ wɔwɔ beam cone no mu. Saa ara nso na, ɛnyɛ sɛ nsu anaa mframa bɛka ho sɛnea ɛka laser ho. U.S. Air Force asɔ HPM ho hwɛ de bɔ base ho ban, na ɛho nhwɛso titiriw ne THOR (Tactical High-power Operational Responder) a ɛtumi pam drone ketewa bebree fi baabi de microwave pulses. Saa bere yi, UK nso de, wɔakɔ anim wɔ operational test a edi kan a wɔada ho adi wɔ HPM anti-drone akode ho. 2024 awieeɛ, Britain 7 Air Defense Group sɔɔ prototype Radio-Frequency Directed Energy Weapon (RFDEW) a Thales ne ne nnamfo yɛe no hwɛ defense-update.com defense-update.com. Nso, nea ɛbae yɛ nwonwa: RFDEW no “pam drone swarm no a ɛyɛ dɛ sen sika a wɔde yɛ adeɛ dada,” na engagement no bo tumi yɛ £0.10 (ten pence) pɛ drone biara so defense-update.com! Sɔhwɛ no mu, system no de ne ho ara na ɛhwehwɛ na ɛkum UAS bebree a ɛwɔ 1 km ho, de high-frequency radio waves pam wɔn electronics defense-update.com. Saa UK microwave akode yi, a ɛyɛ fully automated na onipa baako pɛ betumi adi dwuma, yɛ Novel Weapons Program mu biako wɔ Britain, ka laser demos ho defense-update.com. British mpanyimfo ka sɛ directed-energy defenses no de “kwan a ɛso sika nni na ɛyɛ mmerɛw” bɛma wɔbɛtumi agyina drone ho ɔhaw no ano defense-update.com. U.S., China, ne afoforo nso redi HPM tumi ho akɔ anim (nanso nsɛm pii yɛ secret).
HPM no haw titiriw ne sɛ, ne tumi betumi ayɛ sɛ ɛnyɛ pɛ – drones bi betumi ayɛ den anaa wɔn gyinae betumi ama pulse no antumi nni wɔn so, na microwave beam no so, ɛsɛ sɛ ɛdi distance so (tumi no bɔ fam sɛ ɛkɔ akyirikyiri). Bio, ɛwɔ sɛ, ɛtumi de electromagnetic interference ba ho ma yɛn ankasa system so, sɛ wɔnhwɛ no yie a. Nanso, sɛnea wɔadaworoma no adi no, HPM yɛ deɛ ɛfata paa ma counter-swarm nsɛm so, a ɛyɛ ɔhaw kɛse ma akode a wɔde bɔ ho ban dada. Yɛbɛhu microwave anti-drone system a “wɔnhu no” pii wɔ mfe a ɛreba no mu, a ɛbɛbɔ baabi a ɛho hia (power plants, command centers, ships, ne baabi foforo) ho ban, baabi a drone biara ntumi mmra ho.
Hybrid ne Layered Systems
Ɛfiri sɛ drone ho threat no yɛ den, mpanin pii gye di sɛ baako pɛ nni hɔ a ɛbɛtumi agye ho. Eyi nti na hybrid systems ne multi-layered defense networks a wɔde sensors ne akwanhorow bebree a wɔde bɔ ho ban no abɔ mu. Adwene no ne sɛ, wɔde “adeɛ a ɛfata drone no” bɛdi dwuma – sɛ nhwɛso no, bɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛyɛ jamming ama drone a ɛyɛ commercial a ɛnyɛ den (non-kinetic, ɛho yɛ fɛ), nanso ma woaboa kinetic weapon ho ano sɛ ɛbɛyɛ den, na fa laser de yɛ adwuma sɛ drones bebree reba. Anti-drone platforms a ɛwɔ nnɛ no, wɔde modular payloads reba mu na ɛbɛyɛ a system baako bɛtumi ama neutralization akwanhorow pii.
Baako a ɛda ho adi ne Israel de Drone Dome a Rafael yɛe. Ɛyɛ C-UAS system a wɔde bɛtumi de truck akɔ baabiara a ɛde 360° radar, electro-optical sensors, ne effectors bebree bɔ mu. Ɛfii ase no, Drone Dome de electronic jamming na ɛfa drones so anaa ɛma wɔkɔ fam a ɛnyɛ bɔne. Nnɛ deɛ, Rafael de high-energy laser weapon (a wɔfrɛ no “Laser Dome” wɔ nsɛm bi mu) abɔ ho, a ɛtumi sɛe drones a jamming no ntumi mfa wɔn so. Laser yi tumi yɛ ~10 kW, a ɛbɛtumi atwitwa UAV ketewa bi ase a ɛwɔ kilomita mmienu anaa mmerɛ dodow no ara. Wɔ 2021 Syria ko no mu, wɔka sɛ Drone Dome systems no gyee ISIS drones bebree ho, na UK tɔɔ Drone Dome units de bɔɔ 2021 G7 Summit ho ban fi drone a ɛbɛba ho. Sɛ wɔde detection, EW, ne directed energy bɔ mu a, system te sɛ Drone Dome no kyerɛ layered approach no.
US Fixed Site-LIDS (FS-LIDS) hoɔdenam no nso de teknɔlɔgyi bebree bɔ abɔnten. Sɛnea wɔkae no, FS-LIDS (a Qatar atɔ no sɛ ɔman a edi kan a ɔtɔ no) de Ku-band radar ne ketewa hwɛhwɛ radar ne EO/IR kamera bɔ abɔnten, na wɔn nyinaa de data kɔ baako so ahyɛde (FAAD C2) mu defense-update.com defense-update.com. Sɛ wɔrebo atamfo no, wɔde non-kinetic jamming de bɔ drone no ho ban anaa wɔbɛfa so agye drone no so, na sɛ eyi nsi a, wɔde Coyote interceptor bɛto so ama adwuma no wie defense-update.com defense-update.com. Sɛ wɔde nneɛma yi bɔ abɔnten a, FS-LIDS betumi apaw nea ɛfata – sɛ drone no yɛ ketewa a, jamming nko ara betumi atɔ no fam, na sɛ drone no yɛ den anaa ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛjam no a, wobɛbɔ no agu soro. Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ, sensors, C2, ne interceptor no nyinaa bɔ abɔnten, enti operator no renni ho hia sɛ ɔbɛhwɛ nneɛma a ɛda ho. Saa integration yi ho hia paa efisɛ drone attack betumi afi ase wɔ seconds mu, na ɛnkyɛ na obiara nni ho bere sɛ ɔbɛbɔ radar tracking ne jammer anaa gun a ɛda ho abɔ mu. NATO manaman no nso repɛ networked C-UAS system a ɛbɛtumi abɔ wɔn ho abɔnten wɔ wɔn air defense a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw ho. NATO amanneɛ foforo a wɔahyɛ ho nkɔm, Eastern Sentry, de ne ho bɔ sensors a ɛwɔ Eastern Europe nyinaa abɔ abɔnten de ahwɛ sɛnea wɔbɛhu Russian drone na wɔbɛkyɛ targeting data no ntɛm ara breakingdefense.com breakingdefense.com.Hybrid systems no nso so kɔ so kɔ mobile units so. Sɛ nhwɛso no, Norway Kongsberg ayɛ “Cortex Typhon” C-UAS deɛ wobetumi de atɔ armored vehicles so. Ɛbɔ remote weapon station (deɛ ɛtumi bɔ agyina) ne EW suite ne company no combat management software bom, na ɛma ɛyɛ biara vehicle tumi yɛ roving counter-drone node c4isrnet.com c4isrnet.com. Australia EOS Slinger, a wɔde akɔma Ukraine nnɛ, nso yɛ hybrid foforo a ɛwɔ truck so: ɛde 30 mm cannon a ɛbɔ smart fragmentation rounds na ɛtumi di drones akyi ho ara beyond 800 m c4isrnet.com c4isrnet.com. Slinger no betumi atɔ APC anaa MRAP so na ne bo yɛ $1.5 million biako c4isrnet.com c4isrnet.com, ma expeditionary force no nya tumi ntɛm so atia drones a wonnhia dedicated air-defense vehicles. Saa ara nso na Britain MSI Terrahawk Paladin, a wɔde akɔ Ukraine, yɛ remote-controlled 30 mm gun turret a ɛtumi bɔ network ne VSHORAD units foforo bebree ho de bɔ sector ho ban bom c4isrnet.com c4isrnet.com. Paladin biara bɔ proximity-fuzed shells na ɛtumi kata 3 km range so c4isrnet.com.
Ɛhoɔfɛ a ɛwɔ saa nsɛmfua yi mu ne sɛ ɛyɛ dɛ wɔ nsakrae ho. Sɛ drone bɔne no sesa – sɛ drones no yɛ ntɛm sen kan, anaa wɔbɛtumi aba anadwo mu wɔ dɔm mu – a, ɛnneɛ, nsɛmfua a wɔabɔ ho ban a ɛwɔ mpɔtam no betumi asakra sɛnea ɛsɛ (ka laser module ho, kanyan radar no, ne nsɛm a ɛte saa). Saa nsɛmfua yi betumi nso adi dwuma wɔ nsɛmfua bɔne a ɛkɔ akyirikyiri so: ahyɛn pii pɛ C-UAS nsɛmfua a ɛbɛboa wɔn so wɔ rockets, artillery, anaa cruise missiles so. Ɛho nhwɛso ne sɛ, Rheinmetall Skynex nko ara nni drone ho; ne gun no betumi asɛe missile a ɛreba so, na nsɛmfua no betumi aka akɛse air defense network ho rheinmetall.com. Nsɛmfua a ɛreba no da hɔ pefee: mmom sɛ drone zapper baako pɛ, ahyɛn pɛ “nsɛmfua a ɛwɔ adwuma bebree so” a ɛbɛboa mpɔtam air defense na ɛde tumi kɛse bɛto anti-drone ho. Qatar ntam a wɔyɛe de 10 FS-LIDS batteries no kyerɛ nsɛmfua yi ho – ɛno “kyerɛ nsakrae kɛse… kɔ multi-layered architectures so mmom, na ɛnyɛ point defense baako pɛ”, ɛda no adi sɛ drone bɔne no yɛ ahorow (ne tenten, ne ntɛm, ne sɛnea wɔde di dwuma) na ɛho hia sɛ yɛde bɔ mu nsɛmfua defense-update.com defense-update.com.
Wiase Mmerɛ ne Nsɛmfua a Wɔda Hɔ Pii
Momma yɛnhwɛ aman titiriw ne ntamadan a wɔwɔ anti-drone tumi, na sɛnea ɛbɔ wɔn ho ban:
- Amɛrika: Amɛrika wɔ C-UAS nsɛmfua ahorow sen biara, efisɛ Pentagon de sika pii gu kinetic ne directed-energy nsɛmfua mu. Army no, a ɔno na ɔda so hwɛ Joint C-UAS nsɛmfua no so, apaw nsɛmfua a ɛyɛ papa paa no mu kakra akyi nsɛhwɛ a wɔyɛe denam so. Wɔ beae a ɛda hɔ (bases, airfields), FS-LIDS (a wɔakyerɛkyerɛ no atifi) ne nea wɔde si hɔ, na ɛde Raytheon Ku-band radar ne Coyote interceptors ka Northrop Grumman FB-100 Bravo (a kan yɛ XMQ-58) drones ho de yɛ hwɛ defense-update.com. Wɔ nsrahwɛ a ɛkɔ so wɔ kwan so, Army no de M-SHORAD Strykers – bi wɔ laser 50 kW so, bi nso wɔ Stinger missiles ne 30 mm gun – ka brigade combat teams ho de bɔ wɔn ho ban fi drones anaa munitions a ɛbɛtumi abɔ asraafo a wɔwɔ anim no ho. Marine Corps, sɛnea wɔakyerɛ no, de MADIS jammer a ɛyɛ ketewa si JLTV nnwuma so de bɔ wɔn ho ban fi drones ho (MADIS a ɛwɔ USS Boxer no de electronic attack bɔɔ Iranian drone bi fam wɔ 2019). Air Force no, a ne tirim da airbase ho ban so, asɔ HPM te sɛ THOR ne nsɛmfua foforo a wɔfrɛ no Mjölnir, a wɔpɛ sɛ ɛma drone dɔm a ɛreba runway so no tumi gu. Na wɔ asraafo nyinaa mu, wɔde tumi kɛse si nhwehwɛmu ne ahyɛde/ahyehyɛde so – sɛ, DoD Joint C-sUAS Office (JCO) no reboaboa nsɛmfua no nyinaa ano de bɛyɛ baako a ɛda hɔ ma beae anaa kurow bi betumi anya C-UAS nsɛmfua bebree a wɔkyɛ sensors ne target cues.
Nkyerɛmu kɛse ne sɛ, U.S. nkyerɛkyerɛ rekyerɛ akwan a ɛda so kɔ non-kinetic first. Sɛ Heritage Foundation amanneɛbɔ no kaeɛ no, U.S. ɛsɛ sɛ ɔde “scalable, cost-effective” counter-drone teknɔlɔgyi na institutionalize training de ma wɔn a wɔde bɛdi dwuma yiye defensenews.com. Pentagon foforɔ “Replicator 2” nsɛmma nhyehyɛe (a wɔbɔɔ ho dawuro wɔ 2025) pɛ sɛ ɛma counter-drone teknɔlɔgyi no kɔ ntɛm so wɔ U.S. asraafo dan mu, na ɛde adwene si low-collateral interceptors a wɔbɛtumi de adi dwuma wɔ U.S. man mu defenseone.com. Sɛ yɛde bɛto mu a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔbɛsɔ nneɛma te sɛ net capture systems anaa drones a wɔbɛtumi atwitwa intruder drones ho, ne sensors a wɔayɛ yiye a wɔbɛtumi ahu drones ne anomaa ntam, na ama nkontompo ho nsɛnhia. Defense Innovation Unit bisaeɛ bi wɔ 2025 de too hɔ sɛ, ɛhwehwɛ mmuaeɛ a “can be used without harming surrounding areas”, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛho hia sɛ C-UAS a ɛyɛ denam so wɔ U.S. asase so defenseone.com. Sɛ Pentagon de bɛyɛ $10 billion rehyɛ counter-drone teknɔlɔgyi ho wɔ FY2024 defenseone.com, ɛbɛma yɛahu ntetee ntɛm – titiriw wɔ AI-enabled detection mu, a mpanyimfo te sɛ DIU Director Doug Beck de kyerɛ sɛ ɛho hia paa ma faster and more accurate sensing of small drones defenseone.com defenseone.com. Sɛ yɛka tiaa mu a, U.S. kwan no yɛ kɛse: bɔ drones no lasers anaa microwaves so sɛ ɛwɔ hɔ, to wɔn so de interceptors sɛ ɛho hia, nanso nea ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ detect and decide ntɛm de fused network na cheapest, safest kwan no bɛtumi adi dwuma wɔ drone biara so.
- Rɔhyea: Rɔhyea hyɛɛ drone bere no mu kakra akyire wɔ C-UAS (Counter-Unmanned Aircraft Systems) akodeɛ ho, nanso ɔko a ɛrekɔ so wɔ Ukraine ama wɔn asesa ntɛm. Amammerɛ mu no, Rɔhyea de wɔn atitiriw air defense (fi tenten S-400 so kɔsi ketewa Pantsir ne Tunguska gun-missile systems) na ɛboa ma wɔtumi di drone ho dwuma. Eyi yɛɛ adwuma tiaa drone kɛse so, nanso ɛnyɛɛ mfasoɔ na ɛnyɛɛ yie wɔ ketewa quadcopter ne FPV (first-person view) kamikaze drone bebree so. Eyi nti, Rɔhyea de EW systems bebree abɛto Ukraine. Eyinom mu bi ne truck so Krasukha-4 (a ɛtumi bɔ surveillance UAV data link ho ban tenten so) ne akodeɛ ketewa te sɛ Silok ne Stupor. Stupor yɛ portable Rɔhyeani anti-drone gun a wɔda no adi wɔ 2022 – ɛyɛ Rɔhyea mmuaeɛ ma Western DroneDefender anaa Skywiper, a wɔde yɛ drone controls bɔne wɔ 2 km line-of-sight mu. Frontline amanneɛ kyerɛ sɛ Rɔhyeani asraafo de saa jammer yi reyɛ adwuma tia Ukrainian reconnaissance drone ne U.S. de Switchblade loitering munitions. Rɔhyeafoɔ foforɔ bi nso de shotgun anaa akodeɛ bebree si remote turret so de bɔ drone a ɛbɛn ho sandboxx.us. Rɔhyeani unit bi mpo yɛɛ adwuma de AK-74 rifle anum bɔ bom sɛ “anti-drone shotgun,” nanso ɛbɛyɛ sɛ ɛnyɛ mfasoɔ kɛse rferl.org.
Russia nso rehwehwɛ laser ne HPM kwan so – Ɛda May 2022, Russia mpanyimfo kae sɛ wɔsɔɔ laser akode bi a wɔfrɛ no Zadira hwɛe de hyew Ukrainefo drone wɔ 5 km akyirikyiri, nanso wonkyerɛɛ adanse biara scmp.com. Nea ɛda hɔ kɛse no, afe 2025 mu, Russia media kyerɛɛ video a ɛda ho adi sɛ China na wɔyɛɛ Silent Hunter laser system a Russia asraafo de redi dwuma wesodonnell.medium.com. Silent Hunter (30–100 kW) no, wɔka sɛ wɔhunuu no “lock[ing] on and eliminat[ing] Ukrainian UAVs” bɛn mile baako akyirikyiri wesodonnell.medium.com wesodonnell.medium.com. Sɛ eyi yɛ nokware a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ Russia atɔ China laser tenten yi kakra de bɛbɔ beae a ɛho hia ho ban, efisɛ wɔn ankasa laser dwumadie no nnya nkɔ anim. Wɔ electronic warfare mu, Russia ayɛ adwuma aerosol ne home system de bɔ drone ho ban – ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔbɔ home ban de kata Ukraine drone operator ne optical-guided loitering munitions ani rferl.org. Saa akwan a ɛnyɛ den yi aboa paa ama wɔde akata tank akuw anaa ammo depots ho fi drone ani so.
Ntotɔso no, Russia anti-drone nhyehyɛe a wɔde di dwuma wɔ Ukraine no, atim jamming ne tete air defense so, na nsonsonoe wɔ mu. Wɔatumi atwitwa Ukraine drone adwuma bi ho – sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔde Pole-21 electronic jamming network a ɛwɔ Moscow ho atwitwa Ukraine drone tenten bi ase de GPS spoofing. Nanso, drone ketewa dodow a ɛwɔ front no (nnipa bi ka sɛ da biara reconnaissance drone bɛyɛ 600+ na ɛkɔ soro) ma ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛtumi agyina biara ano. Russiafo a wɔka asɛm wɔ media so aka sɛ wonni biribi a ɛte sɛ Israel Iron Dome a ɛbɔ drone ho ban, na wɔkyerɛ sɛ sɛ wokɔfa akode tenten a ɛyɛ den no a, ɛnyɛ yie. Saa adwenem nsesa yi nti, Russia asraafo betumi de sika bɛto akwan a ɛnyɛ sika so dodo so – na eyi da ho adi wɔ wɔn ani so wɔ China laser ho ne sɛ wɔyɛ ntetee ntetee adwuma te sɛ anti-drone buggies a wɔde grenade-launched munitions rferl.org. Yɛbɛtumi ahwɛ Russia sɛ wɔbɛsiesie heavy EW wɔ strategic level so ne point-defense gun/laser de bɛbɔ beae a ɛho hia ho ban. Sɛ Russia defense industry tumi kɔpi anaa tɔ tech a ɛkɔ anim a, yebetumi ahu wɔn ankasa HPM akode anaa laser tenten a ɛyɛ den a wɔde bɛbɔ beae a ɛho hia (te sɛ nuclear plant anaa C2 hub) ho ban mfe a ɛreba mu.
- China: China, a leading drone producer and a major military power, no nso C-UAS systems a ɛwɔ he – na ɛda ho adi wɔ arms expos ne sɛnea ɛda ho adi wɔ aman foforo mu. Baako a ɛda ho adi ne China “Silent Hunter” fiber laser, 30 kW-class truck-mounted laser air defense system militarydrones.org.cn. Poly Technologies na ɛyɛɛ no kan sɛ Low-Altitude Laser Defense System (LASS), Silent Hunter betumi abɔ 5 mm steel mu wɔ 800 m na atumi asɛe nkumaa drones a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri militarydrones.org.cn. Ebetumi nso de laser vehicles bebree abɔ mu bom de kata mpɔtam kɛse scmp.com. Silent Hunter ada ho adi wɔ aman mu – na Saudi Arabia tɔn no, na wɔsɔɔ no hwɛ tiaa Houthi drones. (Saudi mpanyimfo kae sɛ, ɛnyɛ drones nyinaa na Silent Hunter tumi gyinaa wɔn kwan; bebree de, wɔde akwan foforo na wɔbɔɔ wɔn fam, kyerɛ sɛ ɛho hia sɛ wɔde akwan bebree bɔ ho ban defence-blog.com.) Sɛ Russia de Silent Hunter rekyerɛw Ukraine mu no, ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ den. China ada laser foforo a wɔde to gua a wɔfrɛ no LW-30, a ɛyɛ Silent Hunter a wɔayɛ no yie na tumi so ayɛ den, ada ho adi wɔ defense exhibitions scmp.com.
Lasers ho akyi, China de air defense and EW a wɔde di drones akyi. People’s Liberation Army (PLA) wɔ anti-drone jammers te sɛ DDS (Drone Defense System) series, a ɛtumi jam UAV bands bebree, ne truck-mounted systems te sɛ NJ-6 a ɛde radar, EO, ne jamming bɔ mu bom. Wɔka sɛ China de saa teknɔlɔgyi yi bɔɔ ban wɔ amanneɛ (sɛ, wɔjam stray drones a ɛbɛn military parades). PLA short-range air defenses – te sɛ Type 95 SPAA anaa HQ-17 missiles – wɔde software ama ɛtumi hwehwɛ na atumi atia drones. Wɔwɔ “soft kill” products te sɛ DJI’s AeroScope (detection system ma hobby drones) a ɛbɛyɛ sɛ wɔwɔ ne military version a ɛtumi hwehwɛ drone control signals.
Nea hoɔ a ɛyɛ anika ne China kwan a ɔfa so yɛ export. Sɛ ɔyɛ drone exporter titiriw no, China nso de anti-drone systems reboaboa wɔn a wɔwɔ wiase nyinaa ho, na ɛkɔ so sɛ ɔde bɛka ho sɛ security packages. Sɛ nhwɛsoɔ, China mfɛtɛmfoɔ tɔn “Drone Jammer” rifles wɔ gua so, na afe 2023 mu, wɔka kyerɛɛ sɛ China system bi de kɔmaa Morocco de bɛko tia Algeriafoɔ drone. Saa tɔn a ɛkɔ akyirikyiri yi betumi ama China anya tumi wɔ sɛ ɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ mmara anaa ɔbɛboaboa data fi C-UAS dwumadi ho wɔ wiase nyinaa. Wɔn man mu, sɛ UAV bɔne reba wɔn hye so (te sɛ drones a wɔhunuu wɔ Taiwan asase ho), China abɔ drone jamming militia units na wɔretesti AI-based drone monitoring networks. Wɔde high-powered “dazzlers” (low-energy lasers) asisi wɔn nkurow nsuomfɛdeɛ so de repam U.S. Navy drones ne mframa so hyɛn.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tia, China anti-drone akodeɛ no yɛ kɛse: lasers de kɔ soro so ho banbɔ (ne animuonyam), electronics de bɔ akyirikyiri ho ban, na atadeɛ dada no, guns/missiles de yɛ mmoa. Beijing pɛ sɛ ɔbɔ drone ho ban te sɛ ɔpɛ sɛ ɔde drones yɛ adwuma, efisɛ UAV bebree betumi de bɛsɛe China nkitahodie a ɛwɔ hɔ dodoɔ wɔ ɔko mu. Yɛbɛhwɛ kwan sɛ China bɛkɔ so ayɛ adwuma foforɔ, ebia ɔbɛda microwave akodeɛ a ɔno ara na wɔyɛe wɔ China mu anaa ɔbɛde drone ho banbɔ abɔ ne nkrante ne tank foforɔ ho.
- Israel: Israel amantam no akɔ akyirikyiri wɔ drone ho asɛnnua ho (fi Hezbollah Iranfoɔ na wɔyɛɛ UAVs kɔsi Gaza kofoɔ a wɔyɛ wɔn ankasa drones), na Israel adwumayɛfoɔ nso nti na wɔda so di anim wɔ C-UAS (Counter-Unmanned Aircraft Systems) nsesaeɛ mu. Yɛaka ho asɛm dada wɔ Israel Iron Beam laser nkonimdie ne Drone Dome nsɛnsɛnee ho. Bio nso, Israel de nsɛmfua ahorow a wɔfrɛ no “hard kill” di dwuma. Ahemfoɔ no Iron Dome missile ho banbɔ, a wɔbɔɔ no de bɔɔ rocket ho ban, nso atumi abɔ drone so – sɛ nhwɛsoɔ, 2021 Gaza ko no mu, Iron Dome bɔɔ Hamas drone bebree so (ɛwom sɛ $50,000 Tamir missile de bɔ $5,000 drone so nyɛ papa koraa). Sika so a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, Israel ayɛ “Drone Guard” ne Rafael ne IAI boaboa ano – a ɛtumi de jamming anaa machine gun bɔ drone so. Sɛnea ɛyɛ mmerɛw no, Israel adwumayɛfoɔ te sɛ Smart Shooter ayɛ SMASH smart optic, AI tumi rifle aniwa a ɛboa so ma sojifoɔ betumi abɔ drone so de wɔn ho rifles, ɛnam computer boa so ma wɔbɔ no pɛpɛɛpɛ c4isrnet.com c4isrnet.com. Ukraine anya SMASH aniwa bi, enti infantry betumi abɔ quadcopter drone so de assault rifle, ɛnam computer boa so c4isrnet.com c4isrnet.com. Eyi kyerɛ Israel adwene a ɛyɛ adwuma: ma sojifoɔ biara nsa so na ɔbɛtumi abɔ drone so sɛ ɛho hia. Ampa ara, Israel bɔɔ anti-drone unit (946th Air Defense Battalion) a wɔde Drone Dome ne laser di dwuma, na wɔne infantry ne electronic units bɔ mmɔden boaboa ho ban wɔ nsɛnsɛnee ahorow so timesofisrael.com timesofisrael.com.
- NATO/Europe: NATO aman pii wɔ wɔn ankasa anti-drone nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ den anaa wɔyɛ no bom. UK, sɛnea wɔakyerɛ no, asɔ laser (Dragonfire program) ne Thales RFDEW microwave weapon no ahwɛ so na asɔ no hwɛ defense-update.com defense-update.com. Wɔde systems a ɛyɛ bere tenten nso aba; British Army tɔɔ AUDS (Anti-UAV Defence System) units bebree – ɛyɛ radar, EO camera, ne directional jammer a wɔde bom – na wɔde kɔɔ Iraq ne Syria kɔbɔɔ ban tiaa ISIS drones mfe kakra a atwam. France de sika gu HELMA-P so, laser demonstrator a ne tumi yɛ 2 kW a ɛbɔɔ drones gu wɔ nsɔhwɛ mu, na seesei wɔreboaboa ho ma ɛbɛyɛ 100 kW class tactical laser ama wɔn asraafo 2025-2026 mu. Germany, Skynex ho akyi, de boaboa ho ma Laser Weapons Demonstrator a wɔne Rheinmetall yɛe a 2022 mu na ɛbɔɔ drones gu wɔ Baltic Sea nsɔhwɛ mu. Wɔpɛ sɛ wɔde laser bɛhyɛ Navy F124 frigates so de bɛbɔ ban tiaa drones ne nkuto ketewa. NATO aman ketewa nso ayɛ adwene: Spain de electronic eagles (AP-3 system) di prison drone ho dwuma, na Netherlands de amankɛse yɛɛ training ma eagles (nanso wɔgyaa ho, efisɛ anomaa no suban yɛ unpredictable). Sɛ yɛka ho dodo, Dutch ne French na wɔde dedicated anti-drone rifles bae kan ma wɔn police ne counter-terror units bere a drones bɔɔ airports kɛse (sɛ Gatwick wɔ UK, December 2018) ho abufuw. Saa nsɛm no maa European security services tɔɔ C-UAS akodeɛ de bɔɔ ban ama events ne beae a ɛho hia.
- Nkɔmɔfo foforo (Turkey, India, ne afoforo): Turkey abɛyɛ tumi wɔ drone ho (ne TB2 Bayraktar ne afoforo), enti wɔasiesie counter-drone nneɛma bi. Aselsan yɛɛ IHASAVAR jammer ne ALKA DEW. ALKA yɛ nneɛma a ɛde tumi ba fam a ɛde 50 kW laser ne electromagnetic jammer bɔ bom; wɔka sɛ Turkey de ALKA kɔɔ Libya na ɛsɛeɛ drones ketewa bi a nkurɔfo a wɔwɔ hɔ de dii dwuma. Esiane Turkey ho ban ho nsɛm (wɔda drone ho ɔhaw fi Syria hye so ne wɔn ankasa man mu) nti, wɔn adwene da mobile jammer kar so ne sɛ wɔde C-UAS bɛka wɔn atade a wɔde bɔ ɔsoro ho ban a wɔfrɛ no “Kalkan” ho. India nso, reba akyirikyiri: afe 2021 mu, India DRDO sɔɔ laser a ɛda kar so a ɛtumi bɔ drone gu wɔ bɛyɛ 1 km, na wɔkae sɛ wɔbɛyɛ 100 kW “Durga II” laser akode ansa na 2027 bɛba scmp.com scmp.com. Indian adwumayɛfo nso reyɛ jammer guns (a wɔde bɔ nkɔmɔ a ɛte sɛ Republic Day parades ho ban) na wɔreyɛ anti-drone “SkyStriker” drones. Esiane sɛ drone bɔɔ IAF base bi wɔ Jammu ne ɔhaw a ɛwɔ China hye so nti, India retwɛn ntɛm de nneɛma yi reba. Mpɔtam nketewa nso reyɛ nea wɔbɛtumi: sɛ nhwɛso, Ukraine nnamfo te sɛ Lithuania ne Poland wɔ wɔn ankasa adwumayɛfo a wɔyɛ drone hu radar ne jammer; Middle East man te sɛ UAE ne Saudi Arabia atɔ counter-drone nneɛma a wɔyɛ wɔ atifi fam ne China de bɔ petroleum ne dɔm hye so ban.
Nkyerɛaseɛ mu, aman biara nni hɔ a ɔda n’anim. Dron no bɔ a ɛrekɔ so no ama sɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so bɔ ho ban ayɛ adeɛ a ɛda hɔ wɔ akodɔm nhyehyɛe mu. Na ɛyɛ akyirikyiri a ɛda so rekɔ so – sɛ faako bi bɔ ne drone ho ban (te sɛ nea ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛhu, a ɛtumi kɔ baabi a ɛpɛ, anaa a ɛtumi tu ntɛm), na faako foforo nso de nsusuiɛ a ɛteɛ, AI a ɛtumi hwehwɛ baabi a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔbɔ, anaa nneɛma foforo te sɛ laser a ɛtumi yɛ ntɛm. Yɛakɔ mu bere a dron ne nea wɔde bɔ ne ho ban bɔne te sɛ bere a radar ne nea wɔde bɔ radar ho ban, anaa dadeɛ ne nea wɔde bɔ dadeɛ ho ban dii akyirikyiri no defense-update.com.
Akodie so Adwuma ne Nsɛnhunu
Akodie a atwa mu no de nsɛm pii aba a ɛkyerɛ nea ɛyɛ adwuma tiaa drone – ne nsɛnhunu a ɛda so. Wɔ Ukraine akodie no mu, Russia ne Ukraine nyinaa de akwan bebree a wɔde bɔ drone ho ban di dwuma, fi nea ɛyɛ den kɔsi nea wɔayɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ. Ukraine, a na ɔda ho ban tia Russia drone a ɛreba, de atɔeɛ C-UAS (Counter-Unmanned Aircraft System) ahorow bɔɔ mu ntɛm. Sɛ nhwɛso, nna kakra akyi a wɔde maa wɔn no, Ukraine asraafo de Germany Skynex gun no sii hɔ na wɔde bɔɔ Iranian Shahed drone a ɛbaa kurow no so guu fam newsweek.com newsweek.com. Video a wɔfaa fi Kyiv ho kyerɛe sɛ Skynex no tumi huu drone no na ɛbɔɔ no guu fam anadwo, ne bɔ a ɛbɔ no mu hyerɛn maa ɔsoro – ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ adwuma. Saa ara nso na Gepard 35 mm flakpanzer no nso, wɔka sɛ wabɔ drone bebree gu (ebinom ka sɛ Gepard no abɔ drone bɛboro 300 gu), na ɛbɔ ahyɛaseɛ te sɛ dumsɔ adan ho ban. Wɔ electronic no so, Ukraine de jammer gun pii bɔɔ wɔn ho ban maa asraafo bebree anhu anaa wɔantumi antarget wɔn Russian Orlan-10 UAV. Asraafo bi a ɔda akyirikyiri no kaa sɛ ne nkwa wɔ trenches no ansa na wɔanya jammer a wɔtumi de kɔ baabi no yɛɛ “anadwo ne awia” – kan no, na drone no taa di wɔn akyi, nanso jammer no maa wɔn kwan sɛ wɔbɛtumi akɔtɔ anaa abɔ drone no gu.
Nanso, Ukraine nso hui sɛ kwan baako pɛ nni hɔ a ɛbɛtumi abɔ drone ho ban yie daa. Russia Lancet drone a ɛtumi gyina hɔ bere tenten no, sɛ ɛreba a ɛbɔ fam ntɛm na ɛde kamera a wɔahyɛ no ho pɛpɛɛpɛ, enti ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛtumi ajam no ntɛm. Sɛ wɔpɛ sɛ wɔbɔ Lancet ho ban a, Ukrainefo de dɛw a ɛma onhu adeɛ de kata nea drone no pɛ sɛ ɔbɔ no ho, na wɔde electronic a ɛyɛ sɛ nea ɛyɛ drone no bɔne de bɔ Lancet no ho ban. Sɛ wɔne Shahed di ho, bere a bɔ a wɔde bɔ no yɛ kakra, Ukrainefo de nkuto ne gun kɛse bɔɔ ho ban, nanso ɛnyɛ dɛ (enti na wɔpɛ Gepard ne Slinger ne Paladin no ntɛm). Ukrainefo nso yɛɛ adwuma pa: wɔbɔɔ wɔn ankasa “Drone Catcher” drone ne de net a ɛtumi kyekyere drone de kɔ bɔ Russian quadcopter a ɛwɔ soro guu fam rferl.org. Saa adwene yi fi hia mu na ɛkyerɛ sɛ sɛnea wɔde consumer tech (te sɛ racing drone a wɔde net aka ho) betumi aboa C-UAS ho.
Ma Russia, ko agyapadeɛ no ada adagyaw ne ne ho nsɛm ne ne ho nsɛm a ɛda hɔ a ɛda hɔ wɔ ne anti-drone kwan so. Russiafoɔ base ahorow wɔ Crimea ne akyirikyiri beaeɛ ahorow no, Ukrainefoɔ drone bɔne ahorow atwa mu, na ɛberɛ biara wotumi fa Russiafoɔ atitire atitire ho banbɔ mu. Nanso, Russiafoɔ atitire atitire air defense no atumi abɔ Ukrainefoɔ drone bebree – titiriw no, drone a ɛso yɛ kɛse te sɛ TB2 anaa Soviet bere so Tu-141 scouts. Pantsir-S1 system no ayɛ adwuma dodo, na wɔde akyirikyiri drone ne ketewa drone bebree atɔ fam (ɛboa sɛ Pantsir no de rapid-fire gun ne radar-guided missile bɔ mu, enti ɛyɛ versatile). Wɔahu nsɛm bi a Russiafoɔ Pantsir autogun no ntɛm ara na ɛdan na ɛbɔ Mugin-5 DIY drone a ɛreba no atɔ fam. Wɔ EW (Electronic Warfare) so, Russiafoɔ unit te sɛ Borisoglebsk-2 ne Leer-3 de wɔn ho ayɛ adwuma, wɔde jam Ukrainefoɔ drone control frequency, na ɛberɛ biara wotumi kyere video feed no so hwehwɛ Ukrainefoɔ operator beaeɛ. Wɔ akɔkora bi mu, Ukrainefoɔ drone team no kasae sɛ wɔn video feed no twae anaa drone no totɔ fam efisɛ Russiafoɔ EW no yɛ den – kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ wopue ba ho a, system te sɛ Krasukha anaa Polye-21 betumi ayɛ adwuma. Nanso, Ukraine drone a ɛda hɔ daa no kyerɛ sɛ Russia banbɔ no nyɛ den koraa.
Nsɛnhunu titiriw a ɛrefi Ukraine mu (na wɔahu saa ara wɔ Syria, Iraq, ne Nagorno-Karabakh) ne sɛ:
- Hu no yɛ agyapadeɛ no fã: Ɛda hɔ pefee sɛ sɛ w’anhunu drone no a, worentumi nsie no. Drone bɔne a ɛbaeɛ no, ɛberɛ a wɔantumi ansie no no, na ɛyɛ radar a ɛnso yie anaa sɛ wɔanhunu no yie. Seesei, mpɔtam hɔ nyinaa wɔ Ukraine, wɔde banbɔ ahorow ahyɛ ho: radar a ɛtumi hu baabiara (sɛ ɛwɔ hɔ a), asɛm a ɛtɔ so abiɛsa (sɛ wɔte drone motor no nne), ne nnipa a wɔhwɛ baabiara. U.S. military no nso, wɔde sensing so ayɛ adwuma – sɛ, wɔreboaboa “akwan foforɔ a wɔde te asɛm, radar a ɛso yɛ mmerɛ, 5G network, ne AI a ɛbɔ data ano” de hu drone ketewa ntɛm so defenseone.com defenseone.com. Sɛ wuhu drone no ntɛm a, ɛma wunya kakra bere de yɛ jamming anaa bɔ no. Sɛnea ɛte no, drone a wɔde yɛ radar cross-section ketewa anaa electric motor a ɛnyɛ dede no, wotumi fa saa banbɔ no mu nsɛm so.
- Mmerɛ a ɛfa mmuae ho ne ɔtoɔtomfoɔ adwuma: Drones no tu ntɛm na ɛda so ara na ɛbɛda adi a wonnhu no (ɛbɛtumi apue bepɔ so anaa afi baabi a ɛda ho so). Kill chain no – fi bere a wɔhu no, de kɔ gyinae, na kɔ ko no – ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ ntɛm paa, mpɛn pii mu ɛyɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ no nnansa kakra mu ma atamfo a wɔbɛn. Eyi nti na wɔde sika gu so wɔ adwumayɛ a ɛfa target ho ne sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛyɛ ɔtoɔtomfoɔ. Sɛ nhwɛsoɔ, Smart Shooter SMASH scope no, ɛno na ɛma gun no to ho ara pɛ bere a ɛbɛbɔ drone no c4isrnet.com c4isrnet.com, efisɛ onipa a ɔbɛpɛ sɛ ɔde ne nsa bɔ drone ketewa a ɛretu no, ɛnyɛ mmerɛw sɛ ɔbɛbɔ no. Saa ara nso na Skynex ne Terrahawk te sɛ, ɛbɛtumi ayɛ adwuma wɔ semi-automatic mode mu, baabi a computer no na ɛdi drone no akyi na ɛbɛtumi mpo atow sɛ operator no pɛ anaa sɛ wɔahyɛ ho mmara dada. Sɛ automation no nni hɔ a, wɔn a wɔbɔ ho ban no bɛyɛ den – susuw sɛ drones bebree a wɔde bɛto ho bɔne no, onipa nko ara ntumi nsi 12 interception mu wɔ dɔnhwereba baako mu, nanso AI a ɛboa no bɛtumi ayɛ saa.
- Sika ne Mfasoɔ: Sika a wɔde to so ne nea wɔnya fi ho no yɛ ampa na ɛyɛ hu. Nnipa pii a wɔakyerɛw ho nsɛm no, wɔn a wɔbɔ ho ban no de sika pii to so sen drone no a wɔbɔe no. Saudi Arabia a wɔde Patriot missiles bebree (baako bo yɛ ~$3 million) de gyinaa drone a ɛyɛ kwa so no yɛ nhwɛsoɔ titiriw. Seesei, obiara de saa asɛm no yɛ nhwɛsoɔ sɛ ɛnyɛ biribi a ɛbɛkɔ so. Israel a wɔde laser reba no, ɛno ara na ɛbɛboa sɛnea sika no bɛdan: mmom sɛ $40k Iron Dome missile, fa $2 dɔla so tumi a ɛde hyew drone no newsweek.com newsweek.com. Wɔ Ukraine, Gepard a ɛde $60 dɔla bɔto bɔ $20k Shahed drone no, ɛyɛ sika a ɛfata; Buk missile a ɛyɛ $500k de, ɛnyɛ. Saa nti, adesua no ne sɛ, ma asraafo no nsa so mmuaeɛ a ɛda ho so – fa nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ɛbɛtumi ayɛ adwuma no. Jammers (ɛyɛ kwa sɛ wode bɛyɛ adwuma) na ɛdi kan, sɛ ɛbɛtumi ayɛ adwuma. Sɛ ɛnyɛ saa a, guns (ɛyɛ dɔla kakra bi pɛ) na ɛto so. Missiles de, ɛyɛ nea ɛto so a ɛkyɛ, na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde gu drone so a ɛyɛ kɛse anaa bere a biribiara nni hɔ a ɛbɛtumi akɔto target no. Saa adwene yi na ɛrekyerɛ sɛnea wɔbɛtɔ nneɛma: asraafo pii reboaboa anti-drone guns ne CIWS ketewa ano, na wɔde SAMs gu atamfo kɛse so.
- Nsɛm Foforo a Ɛfa Ho: Sɛ wɔde kinetic akode di dwon ho dwuma a, ɛno nso tumi de ɔhaw ba. Wɔ kurow mu a, sɛ wokɔtɔ dwon no a, ɛbɛtumi ama nwonwaso atɔ nnipa so, anaa agyenkɔ a wɔatɔ no bɛbɔ baabi a wɔmpɛ. Eyi da ho adi bere a Ukrainefo de wɔn air defense pɛɛ dwon wɔ Kyiv so na nwonwaso bi bɔɔ fam de yɛɛ nsɛnnennen. Ɛyɛ akyinnye – ma dwon no nkɔ bɔ ne baabi anaa gye sɛ wopɛ sɛ wogye ho fi nwonwaso a ɛbɛba bere a wokɔtɔ no. NATO asraafo, a wotumi yɛ adwuma wɔ wɔn ho man mu, de wɔn adwene si akode a ɛde nwonwaso ba ketewa so (enti na wɔwɔ anigye wɔ net capture ne RF jamming ho bere a ɛbɛyɛ yie) defenseone.com defenseone.com. Eyi nti na ɛsɛ sɛ tracking yɛ den paa: sɛ wɔde explosives di dwuma a, ɛbɛboa ma wɔbɛtumi akɔtɔ dwon no wɔ soro anaa baabi a ɛho yɛ den. Adwuma a wɔde “non-kinetic” mmara bɔ ho ban wɔ fie man mu no, ɛfa saa nsɛm a ɛfa ho ho.
- Adwene ne Nkwammoa So Mfaso: Dwon de adwene so nsɛnnennen ba – wɔn ho dede tumi ma asraafo ne nkurɔfo brɛ (na wɔde Iranfo dwon frɛ no “lawnmower” efisɛ ne bo dede te sɛ mmerɛ ne ho dede). Anti-dwon banbɔ a ɛyɛ yie no, ɛwɔ adwene so mfaso nso: asraafo ho tɔ wɔn bo ase bere a wonim sɛ C-UAS team anaa akode bi wɔ hɔ a ɛbɛbɔ wɔn ho ban. Saa ara nso na, atamfo anaa atirimsɛmfo bɛyera wɔn mfaso a ɛyɛ den bere a wɔn dwon ho yɛ den, na ɛbɛma wɔde wɔn ho bɛto ɔhaw so. Wɔ Iraq ne Syria, Amerika asraafo huu sɛ bere a wɔde drone jammer sii wɔn nnwuma so no, ISISfo gyaa dwon dwuma guu hɔ, efisɛ wɔyera wɔn nsisi. Enti, C-UAS a ɛyɛ den betumi asakra atamfo mmara – ma wɔde dwon bebree aba (escalation) anaa gyae dwon na wɔde akwan foforo bɛba. Yɛrehu eyi: bere a dwon banbɔ yɛ den, ebinom resesa wɔn ho kɔ kamikaze fam robot anaa atade a wɔde bɔ, ebinom nso de dodow (swarms) pɛ sɛ wɔde bɔ banbɔ no so.
Sɛ yɛto mu a, asraafo nsɛm kyerɛ sɛ dwon banbɔ no ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ nwanwa na ɛwɔ nsakrae mu. Akode baako nko ara ntumi nyɛ biribiara, na ɛbɛda so ara wɔ bebrebe. Nanso, sɛ wode sensors a wɔte nsɛm ase, EW a ɛbɔ nsɛm ho ban, ne akode a ɛbɔ ban wɔ baabi a ɛbɛn hɔ bom a, ɛbɛma wotumi kɔtɔ dwon no pii, na ɛbɛma ɔhaw no atɔ fam. Ko a ɛkɔ so wɔ 2020s mfiase no yɛɛ sɛ nsɔhwɛ kɛse maa C-UAS akwan a ɛreba foforo bebree, na ɛma wɔn ho yɛ den. Sɛ ɔbenfo bi ka no, yɛrehu “dwon ne anti-dwon” akode ntotoho a ɛrekɔ so wɔ bere a ɛkɔ so yi defense-update.com. Bere biara a dwon nya nkonim, wɔn a wɔbɔ ban no bɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛsesaw wɔn ho, na saa ara nso na ɛkɔ so. Nsɛm a wɔasua no de reba nsɛmma nhyehyɛe foforo – sɛnea ɛte no, Amerika rehyɛ sɛ banbɔ akode foforo a wɔbɛyɛ no nyinaa ɛsɛ sɛ ɛtumi gye laser anaa HPM daakye, na sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a command post biara bɛka counter-dwon sensors ho.
Sika So Mfaso ne Sɛnea Wɔde Bɛyɛ Adwuma
Nkyerɛase titiriw bi a ɛwɔ anti-drone system ahwehwɛ mu ne bo ne sɛnea ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobɛde asi hɔ. Mmarima mpempem nyinaa nni sika pii anaa tumi de nneɛma a ɛyɛ den a ɛyɛ fɛfɛɛfɛ bɛde asi hɔ wɔ akyirikyiri akyirikyiri. Ma yɛnhwɛ nhyehyɛe no so fi saa nsusui yi mu:
- Akanfoɔ a wɔtumi so vs. Akyirikyiri a wɔde asi hɔ: Nneɛma a wotumi so nsa anaa wotumi de gu abɔso (jammer guns, MANPADS, mpo agyan a wɔde smart sights) yɛ deɛ ɛnyɛ sika pii (fi apem kakra kɔsi mpem du) na wotumi ma nnipa bebree. Ɛhɔ hia sɛ wotua wɔn so, nanso ɛnhia sɛ wode nneɛma pii bɛsi hɔ. Nneɛma bɔne ne sɛ wɔn ho tɔ so ketewa na wɔn tumi so yɛ ketewa – platoon bi a wɔwɔ jammer betumi agye wɔn ho, nanso ɛrentumi ngye camp no nyinaa ho. Nneɛma a wɔde asi hɔ anaa a wɔde gu akɔtɔ (radar-guided guns, lasers a wɔde gu trailer so) betumi agye beae kɛse ho na wɔn sensors yɛ den, nanso wɔn bo yɛ den (mpem pii anaa mpempem pii) na ɛhɔ hia tumi ne sɛnea wobɛhwɛ so. Saa nneɛma yi na wɔde si beae titiriw so (camp ho, kurow titiriw airspace, ne nkɔso). Enti ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ nhyehyɛe: asraafo a wɔwɔ anim no bɛda so de portable C-UAS bi bɛkɔ (te sɛnea wɔde ATGM kɔtɔ tank ho), na beae a ɛsom bo kɛse no nso bɛnya big iron defenses.
- Sika a ɛkɔ so wɔ adwuma mu: Yɛaka interceptor bo a ɛkɔ so da biara ho, nanso sɛnea wobɛhwɛ so na nnipa a wɔbɛyɛ adwuma no bo nso ho hia. Laser betumi atow $5 so wɔ dɔteɛ mu, nanso unit no ankasa betumi abɔ $30 million na ɛhɔ hia diesel generator ne nneɛma a ɛbɛma ɛyɛ dɛ – na ɛho hia teknikalfoɔ. Sɛ yɛde to jammer rifle a ɛyɛ $10k na ɛhɔ hia sɛ wosesa battery no ho a, ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Sɛ wokyerɛ asraafo a ɔyɛ pɛ sɛ ɔde jammer anaa smart scope di dwuma a, ɛyɛ mmerɛw, nanso sɛ wokyerɛ nnipa sɛ wɔmfa multi-sensor system a ɛyɛ den no di dwuma a, ɛyɛ den. Nanso, nneɛma pii a wɔayɛ nnɛ no yɛ dɛ ma wɔn a wɔde bɛdi dwuma (te sɛ tablet interface, automated detection). British RFDEW trial no kyerɛe sɛ “operable by a single individual” na automation no yɛ pɛ defense-update.com, na sɛ ɛyɛ nokware a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ nneɛma a ɛyɛ den no nso betumi ayɛ mmerɛw. Sɛ yɛka ho kɔ, EW systems yɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobɛde asi hɔ (efisɛ ɛnhia sɛ wopɛ projectile backstop anaa ammo logistics) – wode bɛsi hɔ na wode bɛyɛ adwuma. Kinetic systems hia ammo, clearing misfire, ne nneɛma foforo, nanso asraafo bebree nim sɛnea wɔde bɛyɛ adwuma (agyan yɛ agyan). Lasers ne HPM hia tumi a ɛyɛ den: e.g., U.S. P-HEL no wɔ pallet a ɛwɔ tumi unit a ɛsɛ sɛ wode bɔ mu, na lasers hia coolant (te sɛ chillers anaa nsuo a ɛbɛma ɛnyɛ hyew). Eyi ma deployment no so dɔɔso. Bere a ɛrekɔ so no, yɛhwɛ sɛ eyi bɛyɛ ketewa (solid-state lasers, batteries a ɛyɛ den, ne nkɔso).
- Nsakraeɛ a ɛba fi ɛberɛ so: Nneɛma bi yɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobɛde asi hɔ wɔ beae bi. Lasers yɛ den wɔ osu/duam te sɛ yɛkae, enti sɛ ɛyɛ bere a osu tɔ dodo anaa beae a mfuturu dɔɔso a, microwave anaa kinetic solution betumi ayɛ. High-frequency jammers betumi anyɛ dɛ wɔ kurow mu a nneɛma dɔɔso; hɔ na point-defense drone catcher betumi ayɛ adwuma. Nsuo a ɛyɛ den betumi ama jammer gun battery nkɔ so. Asraafo biara hia sɛ ɔbɛhwɛ beae a ɔbɛkɔ: sɛ yɛka Gulf aman a wim tew a, wɔde lasers (te sɛ UAE a wɔretest 100 kW laser fi Rafael, anaa Saudi a wɔtɔ Silent Hunter), na asraafo a wɔhwɛ sɛ wɔbɛkɔ kwae mu bɛtɔ shotgun-style solutions ne EW a ɛnyɛ sika pii.
- Politikal/Legal Ease: Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wode countermeasures bi de yɛ adwuma wɔ ɔman mu a, ɛbɛtumi ama w’anya mmara ho nsɛnhia (sɛ, aman pii mu, ɛyɛ mmara sɛ ɛyɛ agency bi pɛ na wɔtumi de radio frequencies jam, efisɛ telecom mmara nti). Sɛ wode military jammers bɔ civilfoɔ nkuro ho a, ɛbɛtumi ama GPS anaa WiFi ayɛ adwuma yie, na ɛbɛma nkurɔfoɔ abɔ bo. Saa ara na sɛ wokɔto gun bɔ kurow so a, ɛyɛ den paa. Enti cost-effectiveness no, ɛnyɛ sika nkutoo; ɛfa ho nso sɛ dɛn na wubetumi de di dwuma ampa. Eyi nti na nkurɔfoɔ ani da so wɔ contained effects te sɛ nets anaa drones a wɔde intercept (ɛno de, ɛnsɛe nkurɔfoɔ nkwa). U.S. no, ɛhwɛ sɛ C-UAS biara a wɔde bɛhwɛ ɔman no so bɛyɛ FAA ne FCC mmara so – ɛyɛ adwumayɛfoɔ adwuma, nanso ɛho hia. Asraafoɔ no, ɛno nti, wɔtɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛsɔ saa nneɛma yi wɔ beaeɛ a wɔapaw na wɔne civil authorities bɛyɛ adwuma de bɛnya kwan anaa bɛyɛ technical mitigations (te sɛ directional antennas a ɛma jamming no kɔ baabi pɛ).
- Scalability: Sɛnea ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobɛde deploy no kyerɛ sɛ, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobɛtumi abɔ beaeɛ bebree ho ban ntɛm ne kɛse so. Ɔman bi betumi atɔ system kɛse baako, na dɛn na wobɛyɛ wɔ bases du anaa pii ho? Eyi nti na open architectures ne modular systems yɛ mmerɛw. Sɛ solution no betumi ayɛ fi common components (radar, standard RWS, ne nsesa ho) a, local industry betumi ayɛ anaa asiesie no mmerɛw. U.S. de common C2 reba nti, nnamfoɔ betumi de sensors/effectors ahorow bɔ network no ho, na ɛbɛtumi aboa ama integration cost atɔ so. Commercial off-the-shelf tech nso, wɔde reboaboa ho sika – te sɛ thermal cameras fi security industry, anaa sɛ wɔde civilian counter-drone tech sesa de yɛ military adwuma.
Sɛ yɛka sika ho nko ara a, source bi ka sɛ, wiase anti-drone market bɛkɔ fi $2–3 billion wɔ 2025 mu kɔ soro kɔ $12 billion wɔ 2030 mu fortunebusinessinsights.com, kyerɛ sɛ sika a wɔde bɛto so bɛyɛ dodo. Nanso, cost-effectiveness no, wɔhwɛ exchange ratio so: sɛ wubetumi atwitwa drone a ɛbo yɛ $10k de $1k anaa sika a ɛsen saa kakra a, ɛyɛ papa. Lasers ne HPM bɔ ho promesa, nanso ɛhia sika pii fi mfiase. Guns ne smart ammo yɛ mfinimfini (bɛyɛ $100–$1000 per kill). Missiles yɛ den paa ma small drones (tens of thousands per kill). Deɛ ɛyɛ papa ne tiered engagement: fa soft-kill a ɛyɛ cheap (EW) di kan, na fa hard-kill a ɛyɛ cheap (gun), na missile a ɛyɛ sika so de, fa to so sɛ ɛho hia paa. C-UAS systems a wɔreyɛ no nyinaa pɛ sɛ wɔde technology ne automation bɔ saa nsɛm yi ho ban.
Nkamfo ne Anidaso
Military-grade anti-drone systems ayɛ ntɛm paa wɔ mfeɛ kakra mu – efisɛ ɛho hia. Cat-and-mouse a ɛda drones ne counter-drones ntam bɛkɔ so ayɛ den. Yɛbɛtumi ahu sɛ drones bɛyɛ stealthier, wɔde propulsion a ɛyɛ dinn anaa radar-absorbing materials de bɛda sensors ani. Swarm tactics bɛyɛ adeɛ a ɛda so, drones bebree bɛbɔ ho ban de bɛyɛ attack a ɛbɛtumi ama defense no antumi (te sɛ, drones fi akyirikyiri nyinaa, anaa bi bɛyɛ decoy na afoforo atwa ho). Sɛ yɛpɛ mmuaeɛ a, anti-drone systems foforɔ bɛhia automation ne high-speed processing (te sɛ AI-driven target discrimination) na ebia counter-swarm drones – drone swarm a ɛyɛ yɔnko a ɛbɛtumi atwitwa enemy swarm ho wɔ air dogfight mu.
Nya nsɛm a ɛma anigye ne sɛ, nsɛnhyɛso a wɔayɛ wɔ wiase mu da no adi sɛ, nsɛso yi betumi ayɛ adwuma. Fi afe 2025 rekɔ so no, y’ahu sɛ wɔde laser atowtofo atutu drones wɔ ko mu, wɔde microwave asiw drone bɔadeɛ mu wɔ nsɔhwɛ mu, na wɔde anti-drone missiles ne guns agye nkwa wɔ asraafo akyirikyiri. Saa akode ntotoho no kyerɛ sɛ asraafo mmra nko – efisɛ nsɛso foforo biara so, wobɛhwehwɛ ɔkwan a wɔbɛfa so atwa ho hyɛ. Atamfo betumi asiesie wɔn drones ama ɛnyɛ den ma jamming, enti wɔn a wɔbɔ ho ban no betumi de tumi a ɛyɛ den atɔre wɔn. Sɛ laser no bɛyɛ dodo a, wɔn a wɔyɛ drone no betumi de mirror a ɛtwa ho hyɛ anaa ade a ɛbɛbɔ laser no ho ban de bɛbɔ ho ban – na eyi nso betumi ama wɔde laser a ne tumi yɛ den anaa laser+missile a wɔde bɛyɛ adwuma (laser de bɛhyew sensors, na missile de bɛwie adwuma no).
Biribi koro da hɔ a yebetumi aka paa ne sɛ: nsɛso a onipa nni mu no bɛtena hɔ daa, enti asraafo biara bɛfa counter-UAS tumi sɛ ade titiriw wɔ wɔn air defense mu. Yebetumi ahu anti-drone nsɛso a wɔde bɛhyɛ tanks, nsuakuo, ne mpɔtam hɔ (bisa sɛ fighter jet a wɔde laser atwa ne akyi de bɛtutu drones a ɛreba so). Wɔn a wɔyɛ adwuma no redwene sɛ wɔde HPM bɛhyɛ C-130 so de bɛkɔ fam atɔre drone bɔadeɛ, anaa wɔde laser a ɛwɔ nsuakuo so bɛbɔ fleet ho ban fi UAV a wɔde bɔ abɔdeɛ (ade a US Navy Laser Weapon System da no adi sɛ ɛbɛtumi atutu drones wɔ nsɔhwɛ mu).
Ɛbɛyɛ sɛ daakye no, amanaman ntam bɔne bɛyɛ dodo wɔ nsɛso yi mu, efisɛ ɔhaw no yɛ biako ma obiara. NATO betumi ayɛ anti-drone ban a ɛbɛkɔ so wɔ Europe nyinaa. US ne Israel redwuma bom wɔ directed energy so. Nanso, wɔn a wɔnyɛ amanfoɔ nso bɛhwehwɛ counter-drone nsɛso de bɛbɔ wɔn ankasa drones ho ban fi jamming a asraafo a wɔwɔ tumi de bɛba so – nsɛm a ɛyɛ hu (bisa sɛ atamfo de nsɛso bɛbɔ wɔn recon drones ho ban fi yɛn jammers ho).
Seesei, asraafo ne wɔn a wɔyɛ adwuma no de wɔn ho to so sɛ wɔbɛma nsɛso yi ayɛ den na ɛyɛ mmerɛw ma obiara. Sɛ Raytheon panyin bi kaeɛ no, sɛ wobetumi de C-UAS no asi baabiara anaa wɔbɛtumi de akɔ baabi ntɛm no, ɛyɛ ade a ɛsom bo paa breakingdefense.com. Saafo a wɔda akyirikyiri pɛ ade a wɔbɛtumi de di dwuma wɔ ɔhaw mu, ɛnyɛ nsɛnhyɛso a ɛte sɛ adesua. Sɛ wɔde nsɛso a wɔayɛ nsɔhwɛ wɔ ko mu no, ɛboa ma wɔtumi sesa nsɛso no ntɛm. Rear Adm. Spedero kae sɛ “yɛrenyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ sɛ yɛbɛbɔ yɛn man ho ban [fi drones ho]” defenseone.com kyerɛ sɛ sɛ yɛreboaboa tumi ano no, sɛnea yɛde bɛyɛ adwuma ne sɛnea yɛbɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ no nso ɛsɛ sɛ ɛkɔ so.
Náno, wɔbɔ mu sɛ, wiase no mu ko a ɛrekɔ so ntam drones ne anti-drone systems no abɛyɛ den paa. Teknɔlɔgyi no te sɛ adeɛ a ɛbɛba daakye – laser, microwave, electronic warfare – nanso ɛwɔ hɔ paa nnɛ wɔ front lines ne baabi a ɛho yɛ den wɔ wiase nyinaa. System biara wɔ ne mfasoɔ titiriw: kinetic interceptors de, wotumi pam drone no kɛse, EW tools de, wotumi fa drone no ase a ɛnyɛ ɔhaw, na wotumi san de di dwuma bio, lasers/HPM de, ɛyɛ boɔ ketewa na ɛtumi bɔ ntɛm, na hybrid networks de, ɛbɔ no nyinaa bom ma ɛyɛ den paa. Ɔkwan pa a ɛwɔ so ne sɛ wobɛbɔ ne nyinaa bom. Sɛ drone ho threat no kɔ so reyɛ den a, saa ara na wɔn a wɔbɔ ho ban no nso bɛyɛ den. Wɔ saa ko a ɛyɛ den yi mu no, wɔn a wɔbɛdi nkonim ne wɔn a wɔbɛyɛ adwene ntɛm na wɔde nneɛma bɔ bom yie. Ko no asi sɛ wɔbɛhwɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔbɔ ɔsoro ho ban bɛda drones a obi nnim wɔn anim.
| System (Origin) | Detection | Neutralization Method | Effective Range | Operational Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FS-LIDS (USA) – Fixed Site Low, Slow, Small UAS Integrated Defeat System | Ku-band & TPQ-50 radars; EO/IR cameras; C2 fusion (FAAD) defense-update.com | Multi-layer: RF jammer (non-kinetic); Coyote Block 2 interceptors (explosive drone) defense-update.com | ~10 km radar detection; 5+ km intercept (Coyote) | Fielded (2025) – 10 systems on order by Qatar; used for base defense defense-update.com. |
| Pantsir-S1 (Russia) – SA-22 Greyhound | Dual radar (search & tracking); IR/TV optical sight | 2×30 mm autocannon (AA guns); 12× guided missiles (radio/IR guided) | Guns: ~4 km; Missiles: ~20 km alt/12 km dist. | Operational – Widely deployed; used in Syria, Ukraine to shoot down drones (many kills, but high cost per). |
| Skynex (Germany) – Rheinmetall Short-Range Air Defense | X-band radar (Oerlikon); Passive EO sensors; networkable nodes newsweek.com | 35 mm automatic guns firing AHEAD airburst rounds (programmable flak) newsweek.com; Option to add missiles or future lasers | 4 km (gun engagement radius) | Operational – 2 systems delivered to Ukraine (2023) newsweek.com; effective vs. drones & cruise missiles (cheap per shot). |
| Iron Beam (Israel) – Rafael High-Energy Laser | Integrated with air defense radar network (e.g. Iron Dome’s EL/M-2084 radar) | High-power laser (100 kW class planned) to heat and destroy drones, rockets, mortars newsweek.com newsweek.com | Classified; est. 5–7 km for small drones (line-of-sight) | In Trials/Initial Combat Use – Prototype lower-power lasers intercepted dozens of Hezbollah drones in 2024 timesofisrael.com <a href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-reveals-it-used-laser-system-to-intercept-dozens-of-hezbollah-timesofisrael.com; full-power system entering service ~2025. |
| Silent Hunter (China) – Poly Laser Weapon | 3D radar + electro-optical/thermal cameras (on mast) networking multiple vehicles scmp.com | Fiber-optic laser (30–100 kW) – burns through drone structure or sensors wesodonnell.medium.com | ~1–4 km (up to 1 km for hard kill, further to dazzle) | Operational (Export) – Used by China domestically; exported to Saudi, reportedly used by Russian forces in Ukraine wesodonnell.medium.com wesodonnell.medium.com. |
| Drone Dome (Israel) – Rafael C-UAS System | RADA RPS-42 radar (5 km); SIGINT RF detector; day/night cameras | RF jammer/spoofer to seize control; Laser Dome 10 kW optional laser for hard-kill | 3–5 km detection; Jammer ~2–3 km; Laser ~2 km effective | Operational – Deployed by IDF and UK (bought 6 for Gatwick-style threats); laser addon tested, one used around Gaza. |
| THOR HPM (USA) – Tactical High-Power Microwave | 360° coverage radar (used with base defense systems); optical tracker optional | Repeated microwave burst pulses to fry electronics on multiple drones at once | ~1 km (designed for base perimeter/swarm defense) | Prototype Deployed – Tested by USAF in Africa and at Kirtland AFB; a follow-on (Mjölnir) in development. |
| SkyWiper EDM4S (Lithuania/NATO) – Man-portable Jammer | Operator uses scope & RF scanner to aim at drone (visual line-of-sight targeting) c4isrnet.com | Radio frequency jammer (2.4 GHz, 5.8 GHz, GPS bands) disrupts control/GPS, causing drone to crash or land c4isrnet.com | ~3–5 km (line-of-sight) c4isrnet.com | Operational – Hundreds in use by Ukrainian forces (delivered by Lithuania) <a href="https://www.c4isrnet.com/opinion/2023/11/21/herc4isrnet.com; ɛwɔ he na wɔde di dwuma wɔ Middle East nso, US asraafo de. |
| Smart Shooter SMASH (Israel) – Fire Control Optic | Da/Anadwo electro-optical aniwa a ɛwɔ computer vision; hu na di akyi ketewa drones wɔ scope mu c4isrnet.com | Bɔ conventional firearm (rifle anaa MG) so – hyɛ bɔ no bere so na bɔ drone no c4isrnet.com | Ɛda so wɔ akode so (assault rifle ~300 m, MG kɔsi 500 m+) | Wɔde redi dwuma – IDF de na wɔde ama Ukraine c4isrnet.com; US Army rehwɛ so sɛ wɔde bɛma squad. Ma bɔ no yɛ den dodo, nanso ne ho to so yɛ tia. |
| Terrahawk Paladin (UK) – MSI-DS VSHORAD turret | 3D radar anaa external cue; Electro-optical/IR camera de di target akyi c4isrnet.com | 30 mm Bushmaster Mk44 cannon a ɛto HE-Proximity shells c4isrnet.com; remote-operated turret (betumi de network units bebree) | ~3 km engagement range c4isrnet.com | Ɛreba kan – Wɔde maa Ukraine wɔ 2023 c4isrnet.com; ɛfata sɛ wɔde bɛbɔ base/city ho ban (hia flatbed truck anaa trailer). |
| EOS Slinger (Australia) – Remote Weapon Station C-UAS | EO sensors ne radar cue (sɛ wɔde gu vehicle so a) | 30 mm M230LF cannon a ɛto air-burst fragmentation rounds; auto-di drones akyi c4isrnet.com c4isrnet.com | ~800 m (ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛkum drone no) c4isrnet.com | Wɔde redi dwuma – 160 units kɔmaa Ukraine (2023) c4isrnet.com; wɔ M113 anaa nea ɛte sɛɛ so. Ɛyɛ denam so, na ne ho ntwatoso yɛ tia. |
| RFDEW “Dragonfire” (UK) – Counter-UAS Microwave Weapon | Hwɛhwɛ radar ne target sensor (nsɛm a ɛfa ho ho nni hɔ) | High-frequency radio wave emitter a ɛbɔ/drɛne drone electronics hodefense-update.com defense-update.com | ~1 km hohoro (beae ho banbɔ)defense-update.com | Prototype ahwɛ no so – British Army yɛɛ sɔhwɛ a esii yie wɔ 2024 mu (wotumi gyee drones bebree)defense-update.com defense-update.com; wɔmmfa nsi dwumadie mu da. Wɔhwɛ sɛ ɛbɛboa laser systems ho. |
(Nkyerɛase a ɛwɔ Table no so: “Effective Range” kyerɛ baabi a ɛbɛtumi adi dwuma pa ara de atia Class-1 drones ketewa (~<25 kg). Operational Status kyerɛ sɛnea ɛte wɔ afe 2025 mu. Nnipa pii reyɛ nsakrae wɔ wɔn system so daa.)
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